{ "about": "Evaluation data for Citation Telephone method v0.2 (October 5, 2026). Each pair is a citing sentence from an open-access paper and a paper it cites, or a control: the same sentence paired with another paper from the same reference list. Set 1 was labeled by one AI annotator after seeing an earlier version's output, so it is not blind. Sets 2 and 3 were labeled blind by AI reviewers (Claude) reading the cited paper's text without seeing the tool's output; set 2 was used to tune the method and set 3 was not. Labels are not expert human judgments. 'runs' holds the tool's result in three separate evaluation runs.", "method": "0.2", "sets": { "eval-set": [ { "id": "PMC11720933:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11720933", "claim": "Future strategies could involve using targeted antibiotics, engineered probiotics, RNA vaccines, or bacteria as potential approaches to precisely modulate the tumor microenvironment. [9]", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Xie J, Ye F, Deng X, Tang Y, Liang JY, Huang X. Circular RNA: A promising new star of vaccine. J Transl Int Med. 2023;11:372. et al. –.", "pmid": "38130633", "pmcid": "PMC10732498", "doi": "10.2478/jtim-2023-0122", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11720933:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11720933", "claim": "In breast cancer, F. nucleatum correlates negatively with CD3+ T cell infiltration, inhibiting T-cell aggregation and promoting TAM and fibroblast recruitment. [7]", "cited": { "label": "7", "citation": "Parhi L, Alon-Maimon T, Sol A, Nejman D, Shhadeh A, Fainsod-Levi T. Breast cancer colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum accelerates tumor growth and metastatic progression. Nat Commun. 2020;11:3259. et al.", "pmid": "32591509", "pmcid": "PMC7320135", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-16967-2", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11571110:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11571110", "claim": "Of particular note is a recent study unveiling that BBR induces PD-L1 degradation, suggesting its potential as an immune-oncology drug capable of overcoming immune evasion by tumor cells. [30]", "cited": { "label": "30", "citation": "Liu et al. (2020) Berberine diminishes cancer cell PD-L1 expression and facilitates antitumor immunity via inhibiting the deubiquitination activity of CSN5. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. B.", "pmid": "33354502", "pmcid": "PMC7745128", "doi": "10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.014", "title": "Berberine diminishes cancer cell PD-L1 expression and facilitates antitumor immunity via inhibiting the deubiquitination activity of CSN5", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11571110:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11571110", "claim": "More importantly, nuclear PD-L1 can promote cell proliferation in an immune-dependent manner without interacting with PD-1. [9]", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Wang et al. (2024) Challenges Coexist with Opportunities: Spatial Heterogeneity Expression of PD-L1 in Cancer Therapy. Adv. Sci.", "pmid": "37934012", "pmcid": "PMC10767451", "doi": "10.1002/advs.202303175", "title": "Challenges Coexist with Opportunities: Spatial Heterogeneity Expression of PD-L1 in Cancer Therapy", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11686179:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11686179", "claim": "An expansion of AGORA, accounting for 7302 strains and deemed AGORA2, has been published recently [29].", "cited": { "label": "29", "citation": "Heinken, A. et al. Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of 7,302 human microorganisms for personalized medicine. Nat. Biotechnol. 10.1038/s41587-022-01628-0 (2023).10.1038/s41587-022-01628-0PMC1049741336658342", "pmid": "36658342", "pmcid": "PMC10497413", "doi": "10.1038/s41587-022-01628-0", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11686179:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11686179", "claim": "Initial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract occurs at birth, and drastic changes in composition and diversity occur during the first year of life [4].", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Wampach, L. et al. Colonization and succession within the human gut microbiome by archaea, bacteria, and microeukaryotes during the first year of life. Front. Microbiol.8, 738 (2017).28512451 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00738PMC5411419", "pmid": "28512451", "pmcid": "PMC5411419", "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.00738", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11546883:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11546883", "claim": "The appearance of Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice around 6 months of age has become widely accepted [19], which was also observed in our current study.", "cited": { "label": "19", "citation": "Jankowsky & Zheng (2017) Practical considerations for choosing a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Mol. Neurodegener.", "pmid": "29273078", "pmcid": "PMC5741956", "doi": "10.1186/s13024-017-0231-7", "title": "Practical considerations for choosing a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11546883:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11546883", "claim": "An important previous study showing that gut-derived Faecalibacterium prausnitzii can improve Aβ-induced cognitive impairment in mice [7] not only strengthens the aforementioned concept, but also introduces the significance of identifying specific gut microbes associated with AD.", "cited": { "label": "7", "citation": "Ueda et al. (2021) Identification of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains for gut microbiome-based intervention in Alzheimer’s-type dementia. Cell Rep. Med.", "pmid": "34622235", "pmcid": "PMC8484692", "doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100398", "title": "Identification of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains for gut microbiome-based intervention in Alzheimer’s-type dementia", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11325988:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11325988", "claim": "Results of a previous study showed that 10-mg/day and dose-normalized 5-mg/day donepezil TDS are bioequivalent to 10-mg/day of oral donepezil [4].", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Tariot PN, Braeckman R, Oh C. Comparison of steady-state pharmacokinetics of donepezil transdermal delivery system with oral donepezil. J Alzheimers Dis 2022;90:161–172.", "pmid": "36120781", "pmcid": "PMC9661317", "doi": "10.3233/jad-220530", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11325988:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11325988", "claim": "Although some people are worried about skin irritation caused by TDS, a randomized, double-blind study indicates that the donepezil TDS under investigation was generally well-tolerated locally with none to mild skin irritation under exaggerated conditions of use (3 consecutive weekly patch applications to the same skin site) [5].", "cited": { "label": "5", "citation": "Sabbagh MN, Mathew P, Blau A. A randomized double-blind study to assess the skin irritation and sensitization potential of a once-weekly donepezil transdermal delivery system in healthy volunteers. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023;37:290–295.", "pmid": "37695107", "pmcid": "PMC10664792", "doi": "10.1097/wad.0000000000000578", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11465087:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11465087", "claim": "In this study, we expand on our previous work [16] and characterize the phosphoproteomic changes in 5XFAD mice at different time points relevant to the key hallmarks of disease progression in humans.", "cited": { "label": "16", "citation": "Blasco Tavares Pereira Lopes F., Schlatzer D., Wang R., Li X., Feng E., Koyutürk M., Qi X., Chance M.R. Temporal and Sex-Linked Protein Expression Dynamics in a Familial Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 2022;21:100280.", "pmid": "35944844", "pmcid": "PMC9483563", "doi": "10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100280", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11465087:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11465087", "claim": "Our analysis on the global phosphoproteomic differences revealed a balanced distribution of up- and downregulated phosphopeptides in all time points, contrasting the proteomic data where more peptides were found to be upregulated than downregulated (greater than two-thirds). [15]", "cited": { "label": "15", "citation": "Blasco Tavares Pereira Lopes F., Schlatzer D., Wang R., Li X., Feng E., Koyutürk M., Qi X., Chance M.R. Temporal and Sex-Linked Protein Expression Dynamics in a Familial Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 2022;21:100280.", "pmid": "35944844", "pmcid": "PMC9483563", "doi": "10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100280", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11788318:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11788318", "claim": "Although CRISPR/Cas self-targeting of host RNA has previously been identified as an infection defense strategy, a mechanism for spacers influencing host fitness in the absence of interference machinery has not been detected (Meeske et al., 2019).", "cited": { "label": "Meeske et al., 2019", "citation": "Meeske A. J., Nakandakari-Higa S., Marraffini L. A. (2019). Cas13-induced cellular dormancy prevents the rise of CRISPR-resistant bacteriophage. Nature 570, 241–245. PMID:", "pmid": "31142834", "pmcid": "PMC6570424", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1257-5", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11788318:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11788318", "claim": "Spacer integrations are polarized, generally occurring at the leader end of the array (Bernick et al., 2012).", "cited": { "label": "Bernick et al., 2012", "citation": "Bernick D. L., Cox C. L., Dennis P. P., Lowe T. M. (2012). Comparative genomic and transcriptional analyses of CRISPR systems across the genus pyrobaculum. Front. Microbiol. 3:251. PMID:", "pmid": "22811677", "pmcid": "PMC3396285", "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2012.00251", "year": 2012 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11656426:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11656426", "claim": "It is suspected that under antibiotic pressure, the CRISPR sequence may mutate, enabling bacteria to acquire exogenous resistance genes for survival. [32]", "cited": { "label": "32", "citation": "Li et al. (2021) Antimicrobial resistance and CRISPR typing among salmonella isolates from poultry farms in China. Front Microbiol.", "pmid": "34603259", "pmcid": "PMC8481896", "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.730046", "title": "Antimicrobial resistance and CRISPR typing among salmonella isolates from poultry farms in China", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11656426:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11656426", "claim": "A natural barrier to the spread of ARGs is the CRISPR-Cas system, a defense mechanism that bacteria have evolved to resist the invasion of foreign genetic material. [29]", "cited": { "label": "29", "citation": "Teng et al. (2021) Latest advances of virology research using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology and its application to vaccine development. Viruses.", "pmid": "33924851", "pmcid": "PMC8146441", "doi": "10.3390/v13050779", "title": "Latest advances of virology research using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology and its application to vaccine development", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11581956:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11581956", "claim": "Moreover, professionals may further hamper an individual's autonomy by resisting treating people with type 2 diabetes as experts of their diabetes [44].", "cited": { "label": "44", "citation": "Browne et al. (2013) ‘I Call It the Blame and Shame Disease’: A Qualitative Study About Perceptions of Social Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes. BMJ Open.", "pmid": "24247325", "pmcid": "PMC3840338", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003384", "title": "‘I Call It the Blame and Shame Disease’: A Qualitative Study About Perceptions of Social Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11581956:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11581956", "claim": "Effective care services for people with type 2 diabetes should incorporate the needs and wishes of all [14].", "cited": { "label": "14", "citation": "Vasconcelos Silva et al. 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Diabetic Medicine.", "pmid": "35593646", "pmcid": "PMC9544593", "doi": "10.1111/dme.14886", "title": "A Qualitative Analysis of the Needs and Wishes of People With Type 2 Diabetes and Healthcare Professionals for Optimal Diabetes Care", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11685863:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11685863", "claim": "An elevation in BP is made possible by increased sympathetic nerve activity and a weaker baroreflex [17].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Almansouri Y, Alsuwatt A, Alzahrani M, Alsuwat MS, Alamrai R, Alsuwat WS, et al. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness inPatients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review Cureus15 (12), 50716–50724 (2023).", "pmid": "38234944", "pmcid": "PMC10792344", "doi": "10.7759/cureus.50716", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11685863:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11685863", "claim": "Another suggestion is that The reduction in neuro-endocrine factor levels, such as leptin, in obese patients is also suggested as a reason for the changes in sleep quality and might increase EDS [3].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Mokhber, S. et al. Comparing the excessive daytime sleepiness of obese and non-obese patients. Iran. Red Crescent Med. J.18 (7), 0–4 (2016).", "pmid": "27703796", "pmcid": "PMC5027628", "doi": "10.5812/ircmj.21964", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11660808:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11660808", "claim": "Vaccination is a promising strategy to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [1].", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Alemayehu A, Demissie A, Yusuf M, Gemechu Lencha A, Oljira L. Covid-19 vaccine acceptance and determinant factors among general public in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health services research and managerial epidemiology. 2022;9:23333928221106268.", "pmid": "35720257", "pmcid": "PMC9201368", "doi": "10.1177/23333928221106269", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "weaker", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "weaker", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "weaker", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11660808:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11660808", "claim": "Utilizing vaccines effectively is crucial for alleviating the social and economic impact and paving the path toward an acceptable exit strategy from the COVID-19 pandemic [3].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Gori D, Reno C, Remondini D, Durazzi F, Fantini MP. Are we ready for the arrival of the new COVID-19 vaccinations? Great promises and unknown challenges still to come. Vaccines. 2021;9(2):173.", "pmid": "33670697", "pmcid": "PMC7922137", "doi": "10.3390/vaccines9020173", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11805201:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11805201", "claim": "People’s attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination have changed as a result of increased knowledge about the vaccine from reliable sources. [2]", "cited": { "label": "2", "citation": "Venkataraman et al. (2022) Knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among India's general rural population. Vacunas.", "pmid": "36531132", "pmcid": "PMC9744704", "doi": "10.1016/j.vacun.2022.11.002", "title": "Knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among India's general rural population", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11805201:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11805201", "claim": "Vaccination turned out to be a promising strategy to protect people from COVID-19 infection. [1]", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Kudlay & Svistunov (2022) COVID-19 vaccines: An overview of different platforms. Bioengineering.", "pmid": "35200425", "pmcid": "PMC8869214", "doi": "10.3390/bioengineering9020072", "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: An overview of different platforms", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11675546:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11675546", "claim": "In addition, while it is well-known that confidence intervals provide evidence of post hoc statistical power [52], as provided in the present manuscript, we note that our study also can provide guidance for sample size in future prospective studies of urban–rural differences in mHealth depression treatment.", "cited": { "label": "52", "citation": "Zhang Y., Hedo R., Rivera A., Rull R., Richardson S., Tu X.M. Post hoc power analysis: Is it an informative and meaningful analysis? Gen. Psychiatry. 2019;32:e100069.", "pmid": "31552383", "pmcid": "PMC6738696", "doi": "10.1136/gpsych-2019-100069", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11675546:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11675546", "claim": "Evidence does suggest, however, that rural residents often have worse mental health outcomes compared to urban residents, as rural residents face increased barriers to mental healthcare, such as high levels of stigma, a lack of transportation options to access treatment, high treatment costs, and a shortage of mental health treatment providers [26].", "cited": { "label": "26", "citation": "Morales D.A., Barksdale C.L., Beckel-Mitchener A.C. A call to action to address rural mental health disparities. J. Clin. Transl. Sci. 2020;4:463–467.", "pmid": "33244437", "pmcid": "PMC7681156", "doi": "10.1017/cts.2020.42", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11655553:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11655553", "claim": "If scaled up therapeutically, in principle, such an effect could potentially help individuals with anxious-depressive symptoms to make improved decisions in response to negative feedback and to overcome feelings of fear evoked by unpredictable negative outcomes [17].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Browning M, Behrens TE, Jocham G, O’Reilly JX, Bishop SJ. Anxious individuals have difficulty learning the causal statistics of aversive environments. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:590–6.", "pmid": "25730669", "pmcid": "PMC4644067", "doi": "10.1038/nn.3961", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11655553:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11655553", "claim": "To assess this, here we compared task performance between healthy volunteers from our previous study and individuals with depressive symptoms [27].", "cited": { "label": "27", "citation": "Overman MJ, Sarrazin V, Browning M, O’Shea J. Stimulating human prefrontal cortex increases reward learning. 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Front Microbiol 8:777", "pmid": "28507541", "pmcid": "PMC5410609", "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.00777", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11668893:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11668893", "claim": "The dipteran gut has been shown to be dominated by Pseudomonata (Sontowski and van Dam, [2020]).", "cited": { "label": "2020", "citation": "Sontowski R, van Dam NM (2020) Functional variation in dipteran gut bacterial communities in relation to their diet, life cycle stage and habitat. 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A cross-sectional survey and cross-sectional clinical trial to determine the prevalence and management of eye movement disorders and vestibular dysfunction in post-stroke patients in the sub-acute phase: protocol. 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Effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on balance and functional mobility in the stroke population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Association of Obesity, sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic obesity with hypertension in adults: A Cross-sectional study from Ravansar, Iran during 2014-2017. Front Public Health. (2021) 9:705055. 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Prevalence of possible sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. (2022) 12:e067425. 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Children (Basel). (2022) 9(10):1–11. 10.3390/children9101462", "pmid": "36291398", "pmcid": "PMC9600361", "doi": "10.3390/children9101462", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11788363:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11788363", "claim": "Asthma is the most heterogeneous lung disease, characterized by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness, driven by underlying chronic inflammation of the airway [1].", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Tenero L, Zaffanello M, Piazza M, Piacentini G. Measuring airway inflammation in asthmatic children. Front Pediatr. 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PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0182304.", "pmid": "29897901", "pmcid": "PMC5999085", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0182304", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11768516:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11768516", "claim": "Most parents are displaced in these remote areas that are hard to reach, preventing the availability of several contacts to receive the daily doses of SMC over consecutive months [9].", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Traore A., Donovan L., Sawadogo B., Ward C., Smith H., Rassi C., Counihan H., Johansson J., Richardson S., Savadogo J.R., et al. Extending seasonal malaria chemoprevention to five cycles: A pilot study of feasibility and acceptability in Mangodara district, Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:442.", "pmid": "35247990", "pmcid": "PMC8897918", "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-12741-9", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11605880:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11605880", "claim": "These findings are consistent with some other studies that found higher knowledge of malaria and its prevention among urban women when compared to their rural counterparts [36].", "cited": { "label": "36", "citation": "Yaya S, Bishwajit G, Ekholuenetale M, Shah V, Kadio B, Udenigwe O. Knowledge of prevention, cause, symptom and practices of malaria among women in Burkina Faso. PLoS ONE. 2017;12: e0180508.", "pmid": "28671987", "pmcid": "PMC5495422", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0180508", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11605880:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11605880", "claim": "Adequate knowledge of malaria is essential for prevention, early treatment, and control of the disease [30].", "cited": { "label": "30", "citation": "Landier J, Parker DM, Thu AM, Carrara VI, Lwin KM, Bonnington CA, et al. The role of early detection and treatment in malaria elimination. Malar J. 2016;15:363.", "pmid": "27421656", "pmcid": "PMC4946177", "doi": "10.1186/s12936-016-1399-y", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11763834:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11763834", "claim": "Sleep is one of the most fundamental physiological needs for humans, serving not only as a critical factor in the restoration of bodily functions but also as a crucial period for brain memory consolidation and cognitive optimization [8].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "Craven J., McCartney D., Desbrow B., Sabapathy S., Bellinger P., Roberts L., Irwin C. Effects of Acute Sleep Loss on Physical Performance: A Systematic and Meta-Analytical Review. Sports Med. 2022;52:2669–2690.", "pmid": "35708888", "pmcid": "PMC9584849", "doi": "10.1007/s40279-022-01706-y", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11763834:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11763834", "claim": "Furthermore, research by Peng et al. [13] indicated that after 36 h of extreme sleep deprivation, the brain may compensate for declines in spatial working memory by adjusting interhemispheric dominance, indicating adaptive changes under extreme conditions.", "cited": { "label": "13", "citation": "Peng Z., Dai C., Cai X., Zeng L., Li J., Xie S., Wang H., Yang T., Shao Y., Wang Y. Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Laterali-zation of Spatial Working Memory in Young Men. Front. Neurosci. 2020;14:562035.", "pmid": "33122988", "pmcid": "PMC7573126", "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2020.562035", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11621383:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11621383", "claim": "Nevertheless, Oswald et al. [19] found that c‐Fos expression, an indicator for neuronal activation, was increased in the NBM in a mouse model of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.", "cited": { "label": "19", "citation": "Oswald M. J., Han Y., Li H., et al., “Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Nucleus of Meynert Regulates Chronic Pain‐Like Behavior via Modulation of the Prelimbic Cortex,” Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022): 5014.", "pmid": "36008394", "pmcid": "PMC9411538", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-32558-9", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11842345:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11842345", "claim": "For example, the supine position is associated with increased preload, enhancing ventricular filling and cardiac output, whereas the seated position may reduce preload and better reveal conditions such as preload insufficiency or latent PH [11].", "cited": { "label": "11", "citation": "Amanai et al. (2022) The H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF algorithms for predicting exercise intolerance and abnormal hemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep.", "pmid": "34996984", "pmcid": "PMC8742061", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-03974-6", "title": "The H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF algorithms for predicting exercise intolerance and abnormal hemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11842345:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11842345", "claim": "The recumbent position, associated with increased venous return, demonstrated higher cardiac output, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) compared to the upright position [23].", "cited": { "label": "23", "citation": "Berlier et al. (2022) Influence of upright versus supine position on resting and exercise hemodynamics in patients assessed for pulmonary hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc.", "pmid": "35156392", "pmcid": "PMC9245795", "doi": "10.1161/jaha.121.023839", "title": "Influence of upright versus supine position on resting and exercise hemodynamics in patients assessed for pulmonary hypertension", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11769818:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11769818", "claim": "Recently, this correlation has also been found in patients undergoing innovative treatments, such as immunotherapy [8].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "Verheijden RJ, Ballester AC, Smit KC, van Eijs MJM, Bruijnen CP, van Lindert ASR, et al. Physical activity and checkpoint inhibition: association with toxicity and survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. (2023) 116(4):573–9.", "pmid": "38001030", "pmcid": "PMC10995850", "doi": "10.1093/jnci/djad245", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11769818:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC11769818", "claim": "Based on this guideline, a survey investigated physical exercise levels in 324 patients with cancer found that only 4% of them met the current recommendations [17].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Avancini A, Trestini I, Tregnago D, Belluomini L, Sposito M, Insolda J, et al. Willingness, preferences, barriers, and facilitators of a multimodal supportive care intervention including exercise, nutritional and psychological approach in patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 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(2023) Microbiota from Alzheimer’s patients induce deficits in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain.", "pmid": "37849234", "pmcid": "PMC10689930", "doi": "10.1093/brain/awad303", "title": "Microbiota from Alzheimer’s patients induce deficits in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11325988:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11325988", "claim": "Results of a previous study showed that 10-mg/day and dose-normalized 5-mg/day donepezil TDS are bioequivalent to 10-mg/day of oral donepezil [4].", "cited": { "label": "5", "citation": "Sabbagh MN, Mathew P, Blau A. A randomized double-blind study to assess the skin irritation and sensitization potential of a once-weekly donepezil transdermal delivery system in healthy volunteers. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023;37:290–295.", "pmid": "37695107", "pmcid": "PMC10664792", "doi": "10.1097/wad.0000000000000578", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11465087:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11465087", "claim": "In this study, we expand on our previous work [16] and characterize the phosphoproteomic changes in 5XFAD mice at different time points relevant to the key hallmarks of disease progression in humans.", "cited": { "label": "35", "citation": "Del Greco M F., Pattaro C., Luchner A., Pichler I., Winkler T., Hicks A.A., Fuchsberger C., Franke A., Melville S.A., Peters A., et al. Genome-wide association analysis and fine mapping of NT-proBNP level provide novel insight into the role of the MTHFR-CLCN6-NPPA-NPPB gene cluster. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2011;20:1660–1671.", "pmid": "21273288", "pmcid": "PMC3063986", "doi": "10.1093/hmg/ddr035", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11788318:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11788318", "claim": "Although CRISPR/Cas self-targeting of host RNA has previously been identified as an infection defense strategy, a mechanism for spacers influencing host fitness in the absence of interference machinery has not been detected (Meeske et al., 2019).", "cited": { "label": "Díez-Villaseñor et al., 2013", "citation": "Díez-Villaseñor C., Guzmán N. M., Almendros C., García-Martínez J., Mojica F. J. M. (2013). CRISPR-spacer integration reporter plasmids reveal distinct genuine acquisition specificities among CRISPR-Cas I-E variants of Escherichia coli. RNA Biol. 10, 792–802. PMID:", "pmid": "23445770", "pmcid": "PMC3737337", "doi": "10.4161/rna.24023", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11656426:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11656426", "claim": "It is suspected that under antibiotic pressure, the CRISPR sequence may mutate, enabling bacteria to acquire exogenous resistance genes for survival. [32]", "cited": { "label": "23", "citation": "Zankari et al. (2012) Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother.", "pmid": "22782487", "pmcid": "PMC3468078", "doi": "10.1093/jac/dks261", "title": "Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes", "year": 2012 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11581956:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11581956", "claim": "Moreover, professionals may further hamper an individual's autonomy by resisting treating people with type 2 diabetes as experts of their diabetes [44].", "cited": { "label": "38", "citation": "Schimmer et al. (2019) Digital Person‐Centered Self‐Management Support for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study Exploring Design Challenges. JMIR Diabetes.", "pmid": "31538941", "pmcid": "PMC6754678", "doi": "10.2196/10702", "title": "Digital Person‐Centered Self‐Management Support for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study Exploring Design Challenges", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11685863:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11685863", "claim": "An elevation in BP is made possible by increased sympathetic nerve activity and a weaker baroreflex [17].", "cited": { "label": "15", "citation": "Edmonds P. Neck Grasp Predicts Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hindawi Sleep Disord.2019, 1–6 (2019).", "pmid": "31355009", "pmcid": "PMC6633920", "doi": "10.1155/2019/3184382", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11660808:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11660808", "claim": "Vaccination is a promising strategy to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [1].", "cited": { "label": "12", "citation": "Wong E, Liu Y, Shier V, Datar A. Heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine uptake within low-income minority communities: evidence from the watts neighborhood health study. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):503.", "pmid": "38365658", "pmcid": "PMC10873997", "doi": "10.1186/s12889-024-17968-2", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11805201:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11805201", "claim": "People’s attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination have changed as a result of increased knowledge about the vaccine from reliable sources. [2]", "cited": { "label": "11", "citation": "Qin et al. (2022) Social media use, eHealth literacy, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese college students in the phase of regular epidemic prevention and control: A cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health.", "pmid": "35155334", "pmcid": "PMC8829334", "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2021.754904", "title": "Social media use, eHealth literacy, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese college students in the phase of regular epidemic prevention and control: A cross-sectional survey", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11675546:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11675546", "claim": "In addition, while it is well-known that confidence intervals provide evidence of post hoc statistical power [52], as provided in the present manuscript, we note that our study also can provide guidance for sample size in future prospective studies of urban–rural differences in mHealth depression treatment.", "cited": { "label": "26", "citation": "Morales D.A., Barksdale C.L., Beckel-Mitchener A.C. A call to action to address rural mental health disparities. J. Clin. Transl. Sci. 2020;4:463–467.", "pmid": "33244437", "pmcid": "PMC7681156", "doi": "10.1017/cts.2020.42", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11655553:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11655553", "claim": "If scaled up therapeutically, in principle, such an effect could potentially help individuals with anxious-depressive symptoms to make improved decisions in response to negative feedback and to overcome feelings of fear evoked by unpredictable negative outcomes [17].", "cited": { "label": "11", "citation": "Godlewska BR, Norbury R, Selvaraj S, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Short-term SSRI treatment normalises amygdala hyperactivity in depressed patients. Psychol Med. 2012;42:2609–17.", "pmid": "22716999", "pmcid": "PMC3488813", "doi": "10.1017/s0033291712000591", "year": 2012 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11668893:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11668893", "claim": "Pure-culture bacterial isolates allow for the conclusive linking of genotype and phenotype (Gill, [2017]), and afford the opportunity to explore antibiotic resistance genes in the context of individual bacterial taxonomies.", "cited": { "label": "2018", "citation": "Bengtsson-Palme J, Kristiansson E, Larsson DJ (2018) Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 42(1):fux053", "pmid": "29069382", "pmcid": "PMC5812547", "doi": "10.1093/femsre/fux053", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11762139:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11762139", "claim": "AgNPs are known to exert toxic effects on soil bacteria even at low concentrations, which play critical roles in maintaining ecosystem functions, including nutrient cycling (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), organic matter decomposition, as well as serving as a food source for other organisms [4].", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Ahmad S., Munir S., Zeb N., Ullah A., Khan B., Ali J., Bilal M., Omer M., Alamzeb M., Salman S.M., et al. Green nanotechnology: A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles—An ecofriendly approach. Int. J. Nanomed. 2019;14:5087–5107.", "pmid": "31371949", "pmcid": "PMC6636611", "doi": "10.2147/ijn.s200254", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11577621:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11577621", "claim": "Most countries do not monitor their provided rehabilitation services extensively and comparisons are difficult to make. [17]", "cited": { "label": "34", "citation": "Pożarowszczyk N, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I, Sarzyńska-Długosz I, Nowak M, Karliński M. Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale in clinical practice of stroke units and rehabilitation wards. Front Neurol 2023; 14: 1064642. 10.3389/FNEUR.2023.1064642", "pmid": "36937517", "pmcid": "PMC10020493", "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2023.1064642", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11636028:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11636028", "claim": "With respect to patients in stroke rehabilitation, exercises to stimulate the visual and vestibular systems were found to be effective for movement rehabilitation [6].", "cited": { "label": "32", "citation": "Tedla JS, Gular K, Reddy RS, de Sá Ferreira A, Rodrigues EC, Kakaraparthi VN, et al. Effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on balance and functional mobility in the stroke population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare. 2022. 10.3390/healthcare10030495.35326973 10.3390/healthcare10030495PMC8949312", "pmid": "35326973", "pmcid": "PMC8949312", "doi": "10.3390/healthcare10030495", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11774739:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11774739", "claim": "However, a cross-sectional survey by Pasdar et al. in Iranian Kurds [21] showed that sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were not associated with hypertension.", "cited": { "label": "35", "citation": "Hu F, Zhang G, Xu Z, Zuo Z, Huang N, Ge M, et al. The diagnostic agreement of Sarcopenic obesity with different definitions in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Front Public Health. (2024) 12:1356878. 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Sphingolipids in childhood asthma and obesity (SOAP study): a protocol of a cross-sectional study. Metabolites. 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Facilitators and barriers to uptake of an extended seasonal malaria chemoprevention programme in Ghana: A qualitative study of caregivers and community health workers. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0166951.", "pmid": "27898699", "pmcid": "PMC5127521", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0166951", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11605880:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11605880", "claim": "These findings are consistent with some other studies that found higher knowledge of malaria and its prevention among urban women when compared to their rural counterparts [36].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Ferrao J, Earland D, Novela A, Mendes R, Ballat M, Tungadza A, et al. Modelling sociodemographic factors that affect malaria prevalence in Sussundenga, Mozambique: a cross-sectional study. F1000Research. 2022;11:185.", "pmid": "35646333", "pmcid": "PMC9131438", "doi": "10.12688/f1000research.75199.1", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11763834:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11763834", "claim": "Sleep is one of the most fundamental physiological needs for humans, serving not only as a critical factor in the restoration of bodily functions but also as a crucial period for brain memory consolidation and cognitive optimization [8].", "cited": { "label": "13", "citation": "Peng Z., Dai C., Cai X., Zeng L., Li J., Xie S., Wang H., Yang T., Shao Y., Wang Y. Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Laterali-zation of Spatial Working Memory in Young Men. Front. Neurosci. 2020;14:562035.", "pmid": "33122988", "pmcid": "PMC7573126", "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2020.562035", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11621383:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11621383", "claim": "Nevertheless, Oswald et al. [19] found that c‐Fos expression, an indicator for neuronal activation, was increased in the NBM in a mouse model of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.", "cited": { "label": "32", "citation": "Mitra S., Turconi G., Darreh‐Shori T., et al., “Increased Endogenous GDNF in Mice Protects Against Age‐Related Decline in Neuronal Cholinergic Markers,” Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 13 (2021): 714186.", "pmid": "34475820", "pmcid": "PMC8406776", "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2021.714186", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11842345:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11842345", "claim": "For example, the supine position is associated with increased preload, enhancing ventricular filling and cardiac output, whereas the seated position may reduce preload and better reveal conditions such as preload insufficiency or latent PH [11].", "cited": { "label": "27", "citation": "Fakhri et al. (2024) Hemodynamic responses at anaerobic threshold during exercise in preload insufficiency. Eur J Clin Invest.", "pmid": "39528407", "pmcid": "PMC11744911", "doi": "10.1111/eci.14343", "title": "Hemodynamic responses at anaerobic threshold during exercise in preload insufficiency", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC11769818:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11769818", "claim": "Recently, this correlation has also been found in patients undergoing innovative treatments, such as immunotherapy [8].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Avancini A, Trestini I, Tregnago D, Belluomini L, Sposito M, Insolda J, et al. Willingness, preferences, barriers, and facilitators of a multimodal supportive care intervention including exercise, nutritional and psychological approach in patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. (2023) 149:3435–45.", "pmid": "35943598", "pmcid": "PMC10314831", "doi": "10.1007/s00432-022-04232-6", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC7648763:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC7648763", "claim": "Moreover, it is well understood that several kinase-activated signaling cascades, of which PTEN is a critical antagonist, regulate the phosphorylation status of splicing factors, especially those belonging to the SR-protein family [25].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Gallego-Paez LM, et al. Alternative splicing: the pledge, the turn, and the prestige: the key role of alternative splicing in human biological systems. Hum. Genet. 2017;136:1015–1042.", "pmid": "28374191", "pmcid": "PMC5602094", "doi": "10.1007/s00439-017-1790-y", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11657964:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11657964", "claim": "In the United States of America, it is estimated that 1 in every 36 children who are 8 years of age has some autism disorder [12].", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Sampson WG, Sandra AE. Comparative study on knowledge about autism spectrum disorder among paediatric and psychiatric nurses in public hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2018;14:9910.2174/1745017901814010099PMC589798929785200", "pmid": "29785200", "pmcid": "PMC5897989", "doi": "10.2174/1745017901814010099", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "borderline" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11799562:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11799562", "claim": "Currently, pyrethroid insecticides have become one of the most widely used insecticides worldwide, making up about a quarter of global insecticide usage [2].", "cited": { "label": "36", "citation": "Furlong et al. (2020) Ambient pyrethroid pesticide exposures in adult life and depression in older residents of California’s Central Valley. Environ Epidemiol.", "pmid": "33336137", "pmcid": "PMC7727463", "doi": "10.1097/ee9.0000000000000123", "title": "Ambient pyrethroid pesticide exposures in adult life and depression in older residents of California’s Central Valley", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC11669342:neg", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC11669342", "claim": "This process also involves various cellular components, including fibroblastic reticulocytes and hematopoietic cells. [49]", "cited": { "label": "25", "citation": "Sd R, Girigoswami A, Meenakshi S, et al. Beneficial effects of bioinspired silver nanoparticles on zebrafish embryos including a gene expression study. ADMET DMPK. 2024;12(1):177–192.", "pmid": "38560712", "pmcid": "PMC10974822", "doi": "10.5599/admet.2102", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated" }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] } ], "eval-set-2": [ { "id": "PMC4133167:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4133167", "claim": "Comparing to the huge database on genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics related to developmental biology, information from metabolomics studies are limited to just a few model organisms such as yeast, zebra fish or frog [41]–[47].", "cited": { "label": "47", "citation": "Soanes KH, Achenbach JC, Burton IW, Hui JP, Penny SL, et al. 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A., Telis N., Gao Z., Gaulton K. J., Golan D., et al. (2016). Detection of human adaptation during the past 2000 years. 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U., et al. (2017). Prediction analysis for transition to schizophrenia in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: the relationship of DAO, DAOA, and NRG1 variants with negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Front. Psychiatry. 8:292. 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00292", "pmid": "29326614", "pmcid": "PMC5742321", "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00292", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The study population was genotyped for DAO (rs3918347, rs4623951), DAOA (rs778293, rs3916971, rs746187), and NRG1 (rs10503929) SNPs.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The paper genotyped NRG1 rs10503929, never rs6994992, and reports no ethnicity-stratified analysis of the NRG1-schizophrenia association." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12430098:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC12430098", "claim": "Their common feature—and main advantage—is their size, as being on the nanoscale results in them having an increased surface area [8].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "De Jong & Borm (2008) Drug Delivery and Nanoparticles: Applications and Hazards. Int. J. Nanomed.", "pmid": "18686775", "pmcid": "PMC2527668", "doi": "10.2147/ijn.s596", "title": "Drug Delivery and Nanoparticles: Applications and Hazards", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Nanoparticles are the dominant particle type by number suggesting that they may be important and their small size means that they have a large surface area per unit mass.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B explicitly states that the small size of nanoparticles gives them a large surface area, though as review background rather than its own result." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12430098:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC12430098", "claim": "The study demonstrated a 6.56-fold increase in skin deposition of the active compound, along with enhanced permeation, compared to a conventional formulation [48].", "cited": { "label": "48", "citation": "Paiva-Santos et al. (2021) Ethosomes as Nanocarriers for the Development of Skin Delivery Formulations. Pharm. Res.", "pmid": "34036520", "doi": "10.1007/s11095-021-03053-5", "title": "Ethosomes as Nanocarriers for the Development of Skin Delivery Formulations", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Ethanol is a well-known permeation enhancer, which confers ethosomes unique features, including high elasticity and deformability, allowing them to penetrate deeply across the skin and enhance drug permeation and deposition.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract only; it describes enhanced permeation and deposition generally but gives no 6.56-fold figure or comparison with a conventional formulation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12430098:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC12430098", "claim": "Loteprednol etabonate (LE), a carbon-ester corticosteroid utilized for the treatment of inflammation, exhibited reduced adverse effects when incorporated in SLNs, while an increase in its action was achieved even at lower loading and dosage frequency [15].", "cited": { "label": "15", "citation": "Yu et al. (2021) Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.", "pmid": "33855015", "pmcid": "PMC8039394", "doi": "10.3389/fbioe.2021.646554", "title": "Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "It has been demonstrated that reducing the drug particle size to the nanometer range in diameter using SLNs provides effective ocular tissue penetration and resolution of pain and inflammation despite a reduced drug concentration (0.38%) and dosing frequency (Salinger et al., 2019).", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Review supports efficacy at lower concentration and dosing frequency, but attributes LE's reduced adverse effects to the drug itself rather than to SLN incorporation, and does not claim increased action." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12430098:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC12430098", "claim": "Their common feature—and main advantage—is their size, as being on the nanoscale results in them having an increased surface area [8].", "cited": { "label": "22", "citation": "Hua (2015) Lipid-Based Nano-Delivery Systems for Skin Delivery of Drugs and Bioactives. Front. Pharmacol.", "pmid": "26483690", "pmcid": "PMC4588690", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2015.00219", "title": "Lipid-Based Nano-Delivery Systems for Skin Delivery of Drugs and Bioactives", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "B reviews lipid-based nano-delivery for skin and discusses particle size effects on skin penetration, but never states that nanoscale size gives increased surface area." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13527315:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13527315", "claim": "The prevalence of CKD continues to increase, affecting approximately 850 million people worldwide, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). [3]", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Kalyesubula et al. (2024) The future of kidney care in low- and middle-income countries: challenges, triumphs and opportunities. Kidney360.", "pmid": "38922683", "pmcid": "PMC11296549", "doi": "10.34067/kid.0000000000000489", "title": "The future of kidney care in low- and middle-income countries: challenges, triumphs and opportunities", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "These countries carry most of the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to CKD, [1] as nearly 80% of the world's population with CKD lives in LMICs where CKD affects younger adults.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B supports that most CKD cases are in LMICs (nearly 80%, citing another source) but never gives the 850 million worldwide figure." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13527315:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13527315", "claim": "First, it enables the simultaneous estimation of multiple transition intensities between disease states, such as transitions from stage 1 to stage 2 or from stage 3 to ESRD, thereby providing a comprehensive description of disease progression, including transition probabilities and mean sojourn times. [19]", "cited": { "label": "19", "citation": "Le-Rademacher et al. (2018) Application of multi-state models in cancer clinical trials. Clin Trials.", "pmid": "30035644", "pmcid": "PMC6133743", "doi": "10.1177/1740774518789098", "title": "Application of multi-state models in cancer clinical trials", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Multi-state models allow detailed evaluation of treatment effects in complex clinical trial settings where patients can experience multiple paths between study enrollment and the final outcome.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract describes estimating probability-in-state, restricted mean time in state and transition-specific Cox models across multiple disease paths, matching transition probabilities and mean sojourn times." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13527315:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13527315", "claim": "In contrast, continuous-time multistate Markov process models provide a robust framework for representing multiple health states and the transitions between them over time. [18]", "cited": { "label": "18", "citation": "Bakunina et al. (2022) The added value of multi-state modelling in a randomized controlled trial: the hovon 102 study re-analyzed. Cancer Med.", "pmid": "34953042", "pmcid": "PMC8817075", "doi": "10.1002/cam4.4392", "title": "The added value of multi-state modelling in a randomized controlled trial: the hovon 102 study re-analyzed", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "We developed time in‐homogeneous Markov multi‐state models meaning that the hazard of transition from one state to another does not depend on the time spent in the current state, but only on the current state and the time since randomization.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B builds and uses Markov multi-state models in which each event is a state and transitions between states are modelled over time." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13527315:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13527315", "claim": "The prevalence of CKD continues to increase, affecting approximately 850 million people worldwide, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). [3]", "cited": { "label": "21", "citation": "Damtie et al. (2018) Chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors assessment among diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian J Health Sci.", "pmid": "30607085", "pmcid": "PMC6308752", "doi": "10.4314/ejhs.v28i6.3", "title": "Chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors assessment among diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary hospital, northwest Ethiopia", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "CKD due to diabetes and hypertension affects nearly 5–7% of the world population and is more common in developing countries and disadvantaged and minority populations [12].", "confidence": "high", "note": "This single-hospital Ethiopian study never reports a global CKD figure of 850 million or that most cases occur in LMICs; the nearest statement is a background line citing another source." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10745339:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10745339", "claim": "Chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are the most common comorbidities, negatively impacting appetite, nutrient assimilation, and utilization, thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition [2, 9].", "cited": { "label": "2", "citation": "Lee H. The Importance of Nutrition in Neurological Disorders and Nutrition Assessment Methods. Brain Neurorehabilit. 2022;28:15.", "pmid": "36743840", "pmcid": "PMC9833464", "doi": "10.12786/bn.2022.15.e1", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Gastroparesis due to Parkinson's disease [14] or diabetes can lead to decreased intake due to symptoms such as decreased appetite, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, and abdominal distension.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Review mentions only diabetes (via gastroparesis) reducing appetite and intake; hypertension, CVD, COPD and the 'most common comorbidities' framing are absent." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10745339:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10745339", "claim": "Acute infections such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections can cause an increase in metabolism and energy requirements that may not be adequately met due to reduced or compromised food intake [14].", "cited": { "label": "14", "citation": "Chen B., Liu W., Chen Y., She Q., Li M., Zhao H., Zhao W., Peng Z., Wu J. Effect of poor nutritional status and comorbidities on the occurrence and outcome of pneumonia in elderly adults. Front. Med. 2021;8:719530.", "pmid": "34712677", "pmcid": "PMC8547609", "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2021.719530", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Under the condition of infection, the body's higher nutrient consumption further leads to the aggravation of poor nutritional status, and the two are mutually causal.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Background text says infection raises nutrient consumption and worsens nutritional status, and P037 adds that pneumonia brings loss of appetite and lower intake; urinary tract infections are not named, but the general point holds." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10745339:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10745339", "claim": "Furthermore, it is essential to emphasize that these underlying conditions, characterized by neurological deficits, dementia, dysphagia, and age-related issues, are often associated with various comorbidities that can influence nutrition and nutritional status [12, 13].", "cited": { "label": "12", "citation": "Schuetz P., Seres D., Lobo D.N., Gomes F., Kaegi-Braun N., Stanga Z. Management of disease-related malnutrition for patients being treated in hospital. Lancet. 2021;398:1927–1938.", "pmid": "34656286", "doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01451-3", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Disease-related malnutrition in adult patients who have been admitted to hospital is a syndrome associated with substantially increased morbidity, disability, short-term and long-term mortality, impaired recovery from illness, and cost of care.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it covers disease-related malnutrition in hospital generally and does not address neurological conditions, dysphagia, aging or comorbidities influencing nutritional status." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10745339:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10745339", "claim": "Chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are the most common comorbidities, negatively impacting appetite, nutrient assimilation, and utilization, thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition [2, 9].", "cited": { "label": "22", "citation": "Crippa C., Matteucci S., Pastore M., Morenghi E., Starace E., De Pasquale G., Pieri G., Soekeland F., Gibbi S.M., Lo Cricchio G., et al. A Comparative Evaluation of the Caloric Intake and Economic Efficiency of Two Types of Homogenized Diets in a Hospital Setting. Nutrients. 2023;15:4731.", "pmid": "38004125", "pmcid": "PMC10675474", "doi": "10.3390/nu15224731", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Other variables, including age, BMI, plasma albumin, presence and number of comorbidities, and presence of dysphagia did not show a significant correlation with daily caloric intake.", "confidence": "high", "note": "This hospital homogenized-diet study never names diabetes, hypertension, CVD or COPD as the commonest comorbidities affecting appetite; it only reports comorbidities did not correlate with intake." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13073182:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13073182", "claim": "It should also be noted that Ru-based antivenom administration is dosed to inhibit venom at the bite site, using amounts and concentrations likely to inhibit the venom that are far below those needed to inflict measurable toxicity to the bitten subject, as reviewed in [59].", "cited": { "label": "59", "citation": "Nielsen V.G. Novel Toxicodynamic Model of Subcutaneous Envenomation to Characterize Snake Venom Coagulopathies and Assess the Efficacy of Site-Directed Inorganic Antivenoms. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24:13939.", "pmid": "37762243", "pmcid": "PMC10530349", "doi": "10.3390/ijms241813939", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "CORM-2 doses that result in no toxicity in vivo vary a great deal, with values as small as 5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg depending on the species [35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper states bite-site dosing and cites others that CORM-2 doses used (10-20 mg/kg) fall in a non-toxic range, but never shows they are far below a measured toxicity threshold." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13073182:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13073182", "claim": "Venoms containing procoagulant serine protease activity are inhibited by CORM-2 uniformly [64], but RuCl3 seems to inhibit activity in a species-specific manner [52, 65].", "cited": { "label": "52", "citation": "Lopez G.L., Nielsen S.A., Nielsen V.G., Fusco L.S. Procoagulant Effects of Bothrops diporus Venom: Kinetic Modeling and Role of Serine Protease Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025;26:9496.", "pmid": "41096763", "pmcid": "PMC12525055", "doi": "10.3390/ijms26199496", "year": 2025 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Lastly, vulnerability to RuCl3-based venoms appears to be specific to venom enzyme type.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The paper shows RuCl3 inhibition of B. diporus serine protease activity differs sharply from earlier C. atrox results, but attributes the specificity to venom enzyme type rather than to species." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13073182:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13073182", "claim": "It should also be noted that Ru-based antivenom administration is dosed to inhibit venom at the bite site, using amounts and concentrations likely to inhibit the venom that are far below those needed to inflict measurable toxicity to the bitten subject, as reviewed in [59].", "cited": { "label": "70", "citation": "Larréché S., Chacha R.B., Sodjinou N., Ouorou S.A., Ganhouingnon E., Layo E.A., Mégarbane B., Massougbodji A., Chippaux J.P. Viscoelastic Study of Hemostasis Disorders Associated with Echis ocellatus Envenoming in North Benin Using a Quantra Analyzer. Toxins. 2024;17:3.", "pmid": "39852956", "pmcid": "PMC11769018", "doi": "10.3390/toxins17010003", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "The cited paper is a clinical viscoelastic study of Echis ocellatus envenoming and never mentions Ru-based antivenom agents or their dosing relative to toxicity." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10243236:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10243236", "claim": "Jadhav et al. [23] use knowledge learned from X-ray reports to improve a deep learning model’s performance on chest X-ray images.", "cited": { "label": "23", "citation": "Jadhav A, Wong KCL, Wu JT, Moradi M, Syeda-Mahmood T. Combining deep learning and knowledge-driven reasoning for chest X-ray findings detection. AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc. 2020;2020:593–601.", "pmid": "33936433", "pmcid": "PMC8075485", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Finally, we developed a knowledge-driven reasoning algorithm that leverages knowledge learned from X-ray reports to improve upon the deep learning module's performance on finding detection.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract states almost verbatim that knowledge from X-ray reports is used to improve the deep learning model's performance." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10243236:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10243236", "claim": "We conducted experiments on the CXR dataset of the 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA Machine Learning COVID-19 Challenge [44].", "cited": { "label": "44", "citation": "Lakhani P, et al. The 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA machine learning COVID-19 challenge: Annotation and standard exam classification of COVID-19 chest radiographs. J. Digit. Imaging. 2022;36:365–372.", "pmid": "36171520", "pmcid": "PMC9518934", "doi": "10.1007/s10278-022-00706-8", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The annotated dataset is available for public use as part of a machine learning COVID-19 challenge (https://www.kaggle.com/c/siim-covid19-detection) hosted by the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM), the Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).", "confidence": "high", "note": "Cited paper is the dataset description for the 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA COVID-19 challenge CXR dataset." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10243236:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10243236", "claim": "Developing machine learning models to assist clinical decision making in the beginning of a pandemic can be critical as it can shorten time-to-diagnosis and support specialized medical staff in an emergency setting [1].", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Rubin GD, et al. The role of chest imaging in patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational consensus statement from the Fleischner society. Radiology. 2020;296:172–180.", "pmid": "32255413", "pmcid": "PMC7233395", "doi": "10.1148/radiol.2020201365", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Imaging is advised to support more rapid triage of patients in a resource-constrained setting when PoC COVID-19 testing is not available or negative (Fig 3, Q10).", "confidence": "high", "note": "Fleischner consensus statement discusses imaging-based triage but never machine learning models or time-to-diagnosis with them." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10243236:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10243236", "claim": "We conducted experiments on the CXR dataset of the 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA Machine Learning COVID-19 Challenge [44].", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Keidar D, et al. COVID-19 classification of X-ray images using deep neural networks. Eur. Radiol. 2021", "pmid": "34052882", "pmcid": "PMC8164481", "doi": "10.1007/s00330-021-08050-1", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "The cited paper used chest X-rays collected from four Israeli hospitals, and nowhere mentions the 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA challenge dataset." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10808864:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10808864", "claim": "The RGV is primarily composed of Hispanics, making up approximately 90% of the region's residents; therefore, this could have also led to skewed rates of osteoporosis [12].", "cited": { "label": "12", "citation": "Kaposi sarcoma incidence in females is nearly four-fold higher in the Lower Rio Grande Valley compared to the Texas average. Innis-Whitehouse W, Wang X, Restrepo N, Salas C, Moreno K, Restrepo A, Keniry M. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2018;16:45–52.", "pmid": "31299002", "doi": "10.1016/j.ctarc.2018.06.003", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) is located on U.S.-Mexican border with a population that is 90% Hispanic [1].", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract gives the 90% Hispanic figure for the Lower Rio Grande Valley, the only part attributed to this citation, though it cites another source for it." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10808864:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10808864", "claim": "Lifestyle habits, including low body weight (BMI < 21 kg/m^2), smoking, increased alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, long-term use of corticosteroids, and deficient calcium intake through diet, are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis [3, 8].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Salari N, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi L, Behzadi MH, Rabieenia E, Shohaimi S, Mohammadi M. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:609.", "pmid": "34657598", "pmcid": "PMC8522202", "doi": "10.1186/s13018-021-02772-0", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Weight, smoking, alcohol consumption [6], physical inactivity, dietary calcium deficiency, and long-term glucocorticoid use are among the risk factors for the modifiable osteoporosis group.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Background section lists the same modifiable risk factors, though it does not give the BMI < 21 kg/m^2 threshold, which may come from the co-cited reference." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10808864:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10808864", "claim": "There are no recent reports on how the RGV is impacted by osteoporosis; however, this is a region with known healthcare disparities and low funding [16, 17].", "cited": { "label": "16", "citation": "Addressing health disparities in the rural United States: advocacy as caregiving among community health workers and promotores de Salud. Logan RI, Castañeda H. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17", "pmid": "33321718", "pmcid": "PMC7764816", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17249223", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Pollution, crowding, and lack of sanitation in the colonias intersects with gaps in public health services, poor access to care, and high rates of chronic disease make this region among the most medically underserved areas in the nation.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper describes the Rio Grande Valley as among the most medically underserved areas with gaps in public health services; 'low funding' appears as coverage gaps/rejected Medicaid expansion (P023) rather than funding per se." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10808864:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10808864", "claim": "Lifestyle habits, including low body weight (BMI < 21 kg/m^2), smoking, increased alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, long-term use of corticosteroids, and deficient calcium intake through diet, are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis [3, 8].", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Current status of the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Aibar-Almazán A, Voltes-Martínez A, Castellote-Caballero Y, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Carcelén-Fraile MD, López-Ruiz E. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23", "pmid": "36012730", "pmcid": "PMC9408932", "doi": "10.3390/ijms23169465", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Environmental factors include: (a) nutritional factors, such as deficient calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency due to nutritional problems, poor absorption or low sun exposure, excessive protein intake in unbalanced diets, excessive phosphate intake or excessive salt intake that increases urinary calcium loss [22]; (b) sedentary lifestyles, anaerobic exercise and excessive mechanical load, which are three factors that directly cause the risk of osteoporosis [23]; (c) chronic pharmacological treatment such as anti-convulsants, glucocorticoids, sedatives or chemotherapy; (d) the intake of caffeine, alcohol or smoking [24]; (e) body weight, which is responsible for 15% to 30% of the variations in bone mineral density (BMD) at any age and in any measured bone region [25].", "confidence": "high", "note": "Review lists deficient calcium intake, sedentary lifestyle, glucocorticoids, alcohol/smoking and body weight as modifiable factors, and P081 gives thinness <21 kg/m^2." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10768554:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10768554", "claim": "AAV was first discovered using electron microscopy during the adenovirus preparation process and subsequently isolated from human tissues [21, 22].", "cited": { "label": "21", "citation": "Atchison RW, Casto BC, Hammon WM. Adenovirus-associated defective virus particles. Science. 1965;149(3685):754–756.", "pmid": "14325163", "doi": "10.1126/science.149.3685.754", "year": 1965 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Small, DNA-containing particles were separated from preparations of a simian adenovirus.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract supports discovery of the defective particles in adenovirus preparations (simian), but says nothing about electron microscopy or isolation from human tissues." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10768554:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10768554", "claim": "Such functional cells are the foundation of restorative therapies such as optogenetics [135, 136].", "cited": { "label": "135", "citation": "Gauvain G, Akolkar H, Chaffiol A, Arcizet F, Khoei MA, Desrosiers M, Jaillard C, Caplette R, Marre O, Bertin S, et al. Optogenetic therapy: High spatiotemporal resolution and pattern discrimination compatible with vision restoration in non-human primates. Commun Biol. 2021;4(1):125.", "pmid": "33504896", "pmcid": "PMC7840970", "doi": "10.1038/s42003-020-01594-w", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "These diseases mostly affect photoreceptors, so the remaining retinal layers, including the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) can still communicate with the brain via the optic nerve.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper states optogenetic vision restoration relies on surviving functional retinal cells (RGCs) after photoreceptor loss." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10768554:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10768554", "claim": "EDIT-101 is a drug based on CRISPR system, developed by Allergan and Editas Medicine, aiming at treating LCA10 caused by intron mutations in CEP290 gene (c.2991+1655A>G) [128].", "cited": { "label": "128", "citation": "Quinn J, Musa A, Kantor A, McClements ME, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, MacLaren RE, Xue K. Genome-editing strategies for treating human retinal degenerations. Hum Gene Ther. 2021;32(5–6):247–259.", "pmid": "32993386", "pmcid": "PMC7987357", "doi": "10.1089/hum.2020.231", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Based on these preclinical results, Editas Medicine, Inc. (Cambridge, MA) initiated a phase 1/2 clinical trial of EDIT-101 for the treatment of LCA10 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03872479), marking the first clinical application of CRISPR-mediated gene editing in the retina.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review supports EDIT-101 as a CRISPR therapy from Editas targeting the CEP290 c.2991+1655A>G deep-intronic mutation in LCA10, but never mentions Allergan as a co-developer." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10768554:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10768554", "claim": "Such functional cells are the foundation of restorative therapies such as optogenetics [135, 136].", "cited": { "label": "57", "citation": "Pillay S, Zou W, Cheng F, Puschnik AS, Meyer NL, Ganaie SS, Deng X, Wosen JE, Davulcu O, Yan Z, et al. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes have distinctive interactions with domains of the cellular AAV receptor. J Virol. 2017;91(18):e00391–e00417.", "pmid": "28679762", "pmcid": "PMC5571256", "doi": "10.1128/jvi.00391-17", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "The paper is about AAV serotype interactions with AAV receptor domains and says nothing about functional cells or restorative therapies such as optogenetics." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC7025545:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC7025545", "claim": "For another, this stomatal regulation might be necessary for the priming induction (Ramirez-Prado et al., 2018).", "cited": { "label": "Ramirez-Prado et al., 2018", "citation": "Ramirez-Prado J. S., Abulfaraj A. A., Rayapuram N., Benhamed M., Hirt H. (2018). Plant immunity: from signaling to epigenetic control of defense. Trends Plant Sci. 23, 833–844. 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.004", "pmid": "29970339", "doi": "10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.004", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Furthermore, we discuss the currently limited evidence of transgenerational inheritance of pathogen-induced defense priming, together with its potentials, challenges, and limitations for crop improvement and biotechnological applications.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it covers epigenetic control of defense priming but says nothing about stomatal regulation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC7025545:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC7025545", "claim": "Fructose showed more than a threefold increase at 30 min, and most amino acids showed a decrease at 180 min after pathogen infection (Pang et al., 2018).", "cited": { "label": "Pang et al., 2018", "citation": "Pang Q., Zhang T., Wang Y., Kong W., Guan Q., Yan X., et al. (2018). Metabolomics of early stage plant cell–microbe interaction using stable isotope labeling. Front. Plant Sci. 9, 760. 10.3389/fpls.2018.00760", "pmid": "29922325", "pmcid": "PMC5996122", "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2018.00760", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "At 180 min after infection, most of the significant changes involved decreases in amino acids (alanine, lysine, glutamine, and arginine) and nucleosides (guanine and uridine) in plants.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Table 1 (P026) gives fructose FC 3.1 at 30 min and P030 states most significant 180 min changes were amino acid decreases." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC7025545:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC7025545", "claim": "Fructose showed more than a threefold increase at 30 min, and most amino acids showed a decrease at 180 min after pathogen infection (Pang et al., 2018).", "cited": { "label": "Leprince et al., 2015", "citation": "Leprince A. S., Magalhaes N., De Vos D., Bordenave M., Crilat E., Clément G., et al. (2015). Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the regulation of proline catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 772. 10.3389/fpls.2014.00772", "pmid": "25628629", "pmcid": "PMC4290513", "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2014.00772", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper is about PI3K and proline catabolism under salt stress; it reports no pathogen infection time course, no fructose change and no 30/180 min amino acid data." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10661960:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10661960", "claim": "A multilayer neural network called the D-GPM [73] was developed to handle large-scale multitask problems.", "cited": { "label": "73", "citation": "Pan et al. (2019) D-GPM: a deep learning method for gene promoter methylation inference. Genes (Basel).", "pmid": "31615113", "pmcid": "PMC6826513", "doi": "10.3390/genes10100807", "title": "D-GPM: a deep learning method for gene promoter methylation inference", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Here, we present a multilayer neural network named Deep-Gene Promoter Methylation (D-GPM) to tackle the above large-scale multitask problem.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B explicitly presents D-GPM as a multilayer neural network built to tackle a large-scale multitask problem." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10661960:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10661960", "claim": "The sensitivity (recall) and F1 score were 97.6 and 98.73%, respectively [45].", "cited": { "label": "45", "citation": "Gomes et al. (2022) Application of feature selection and deep learning for cancer prediction using DNA methylation markers. Genes (Basel).", "pmid": "36140725", "pmcid": "PMC9498757", "doi": "10.3390/genes13091557", "title": "Application of feature selection and deep learning for cancer prediction using DNA methylation markers", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Prediction using 450K methylation markers can be accomplished in less than 13 s with an accuracy of 98.75%.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The text reports 98.75% accuracy but reports no sensitivity of 97.6% or F1 of 98.73% anywhere in the available full text." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10661960:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10661960", "claim": "DNA methylation changes contribute to the development of cancer [9] in a number of ways: DNA methylation alters signaling pathways that affect cellular processes such as cell cycle, DNA repair, cell growth and proliferation.", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Lakshminarasimhan & Liang (2016) The role of DNA methylation in cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol.", "pmid": "27826838", "pmcid": "PMC7409375", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_7", "title": "The role of DNA methylation in cancer", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "From these genome-wide studies, it became clear that the dynamic regulation of DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism of cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Review abstract states DNA methylation changes drive cancer initiation and progression, which is the clause the citation is attached to." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10661960:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10661960", "claim": "A multilayer neural network called the D-GPM [73] was developed to handle large-scale multitask problems.", "cited": { "label": "45", "citation": "Gomes et al. (2022) Application of feature selection and deep learning for cancer prediction using DNA methylation markers. Genes (Basel).", "pmid": "36140725", "pmcid": "PMC9498757", "doi": "10.3390/genes13091557", "title": "Application of feature selection and deep learning for cancer prediction using DNA methylation markers", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "The cited paper is a breast-cancer DNA-methylation deep-learning pipeline and never mentions D-GPM or a multitask gene-expression network." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6900270:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6900270", "claim": "Members of the SSH phosphatase family have been reported to act downstream of the α6β4 integrin/Rac1 signaling pathway, [14] and be negatively regulated by phosphorylation of their serine residues.", "cited": { "label": "14", "citation": "Kligys et al. (2007) The slingshot family of phosphatases mediates Rac1 regulation of cofilin phosphorylation, laminin-332 organization, and motility behavior of keratinocytes. J Biol Chem.", "pmid": "17848544", "pmcid": "PMC2754063", "doi": "10.1074/jbc.m707041200", "title": "The slingshot family of phosphatases mediates Rac1 regulation of cofilin phosphorylation, laminin-332 organization, and motility behavior of keratinocytes", "year": 2007 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Here we have analyzed how cofilin phosphorylation is regulated by phosphatases (slingshot (SSH) or chronophin (CIN)) downstream of signaling by alpha6beta4 integrin/Rac1 in human keratinocytes.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract places SSH family phosphatases downstream of alpha6beta4 integrin/Rac1 signaling, the clause carrying the citation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6900270:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6900270", "claim": "Accumulating evidence has shown that CRC stem cells play crucial roles in CRC development and may be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention; [4] however, it is still unclear how CRC stem cells regulate the development and progression of CRC.", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Elsaba et al. (2010) The stem cell marker CD133 associates with enhanced colony formation and cell motility in colorectal cancer. PLoS One.", "pmid": "20502714", "pmcid": "PMC2873293", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0010714", "title": "The stem cell marker CD133 associates with enhanced colony formation and cell motility in colorectal cancer", "year": 2010 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "In these studies, CD133 expressing (CD133+) cells were isolated from primary CRCs and were shown to have the ability to form tumours as xenografts in nude mice; in contrast CD133− cells from the same tumours were shown to have very limited ability to form xenografts and even that was attributed to contamination by CD133+ cells.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper relays earlier evidence that CD133+ CRC cells are tumorigenic (and notes it was not replicated); it never claims CRC stem cells are a promising therapeutic target." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6900270:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6900270", "claim": "Surprisingly, knockdown of miRNA-27b resulted in cancer stem cell generation. [22]", "cited": { "label": "22", "citation": "Takahashi et al. (2015) Loss of microRNA-27b contributes to breast cancer stem cell generation by activating ENPP1. Nat Commun.", "pmid": "26065921", "pmcid": "PMC4490376", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms8318", "title": "Loss of microRNA-27b contributes to breast cancer stem cell generation by activating ENPP1", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "These results suggest that miR-27b inhibits the generation of the SP fraction from the main population of cells, and that the SP fraction derived from cells with low miR-27b expression has CSC properties such as chemoresistance and high tumour seeding ability.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B's own experiments show miR-27b knockdown enlarges the CSC-like side population, matching the cited claim." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6900270:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6900270", "claim": "Accumulating evidence has shown that CRC stem cells play crucial roles in CRC development and may be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention; [4] however, it is still unclear how CRC stem cells regulate the development and progression of CRC.", "cited": { "label": "25", "citation": "Zhao et al. (2014) MiR-194 deregulation contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis via targeting AKT2 pathway. Theranostics.", "pmid": "25285168", "pmcid": "PMC4183997", "doi": "10.7150/thno.8712", "title": "MiR-194 deregulation contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis via targeting AKT2 pathway", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B studies miR-194/AKT2 in colorectal cancer and never discusses colorectal cancer stem cells or their role as a therapeutic target." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4245090:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4245090", "claim": "The flow respirometry method also assumes uniform flow throughout the water column, which may not be the case due to frictional effects of the reef matrix [41].", "cited": { "label": "41", "citation": "Falter et al. (2013) Physical and Biological Controls on the Carbonate Chemistry of Coral Reef Waters: Effects of Metabolism, Wave Forcing, Sea Level, and Geomorphology. PLoS ONE.", "pmid": "23326411", "pmcid": "PMC3541250", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0053303", "title": "Physical and Biological Controls on the Carbonate Chemistry of Coral Reef Waters: Effects of Metabolism, Wave Forcing, Sea Level, and Geomorphology", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": true, "quote": "A higher vertical resolution is not needed as the water column in the shallow reef area is assumed to be well-mixed [37].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The paper itself assumes a vertically well-mixed water column and discusses bottom friction only as resistance to cross-reef transport, never as a source of non-uniform flow through the water column that would bias flow respirometry." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13621691:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13621691", "claim": "As a case in point, publicly available web-based computational tools such as VirID and Serratus use the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to detect RNA viruses in metagenomic data [19, 40], but are limited by their reliance this protein alone, such that other virus genes and proteins are not considered.", "cited": { "label": "19", "citation": "Yang Z, Shan Y, Liu X, Chen G, Pan Y, Gou Q, et al. VirID: Beyond virus discovery. an integrated platform for comprehensive RNA virus characterization. Mol Biol Evol. 2024;41:msae202.", "pmid": "39331699", "pmcid": "PMC11523140", "doi": "10.1093/molbev/msae202", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Second, VirID primarily relies on the RdRP to denote homology and is therefore unable to identify sequences that do not contain RdRP sequences or that are too divergent to be detected in homology-based searches (Telesnitsky and Goff 1997; Hu and Hughes 2012).", "confidence": "high", "note": "VirID's own limitations section states it relies on RdRP alone and misses sequences lacking it, though the paper describes VirID as a command-line tool rather than web-based." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13621691:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13621691", "claim": "Detailed discussions of these techniques can be found elsewhere [21–23].", "cited": { "label": "22", "citation": "Jia X, Wang W, Wu M, Pang L, Yang C, Ling Y, et al. Empirical assessment of the enrichment-based metagenomic methods in identifying diverse respiratory pathogens. Sci Rep. 2024;14:24493.", "pmid": "39424897", "pmcid": "PMC11489750", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-75120-x", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "This study aimed to develop a comprehensive sequence capture panel for the targeted enrichment and identification of a broad spectrum of respiratory pathogens.", "confidence": "low", "note": "Paper B develops and empirically compares enrichment-based metagenomic sequencing methods in detail, fitting the generic 'discussed elsewhere' pointer, though the referent of 'these techniques' is not given." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13621691:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13621691", "claim": "Similarly, deforestation and habitat disruption are likely drivers of the 2023–2025 reemergence of Oropouche virus in Brazil and surrounding countries [81].", "cited": { "label": "81", "citation": "Wesselmann KM, Postigo-Hidalgo I, Pezzi L, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Fischer C, de Lamballerie X, et al. Emergence of Oropouche fever in Latin America: a narrative review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24:e439–52.", "pmid": "38281494", "doi": "10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00740-5", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Although OROV is mainly transmitted by biting midges, it has also been detected in several mosquito species and a wide range of vertebrate hosts, which likely facilitates its widespread emergence.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it discusses emergence and host range but says nothing about deforestation or habitat disruption driving the 2023-2025 outbreak." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13621691:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13621691", "claim": "As a case in point, publicly available web-based computational tools such as VirID and Serratus use the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to detect RNA viruses in metagenomic data [19, 40], but are limited by their reliance this protein alone, such that other virus genes and proteins are not considered.", "cited": { "label": "108", "citation": "Peña-Mosca F, Frye EA, MacLachlan MJ, Rebelo AR, de Oliveira PSB, Nooruzzaman M, et al. The impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection on dairy cows. Nat Comm. 2025;16:6520.", "pmid": "40664659", "pmcid": "PMC12263987", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-61553-z", "year": 2025 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B is a study of H5N1 infection in dairy cows and says nothing about VirID, Serratus or RdRp-based virus detection in metagenomic data." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927293:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927293", "claim": "Other much less common methods to determine MIC include the agar diffusion method and the antimicrobial gradient method (Etest) (Bonev et al., 2008; Wiegand et al., 2008; Balouiri et al., 2016).", "cited": { "label": "Balouiri et al., 2016", "citation": "Balouiri M., Sadiki M., Ibnsouda S. K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: a review. J. Pharm. Anal. 6 71–79. 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005", "pmid": "29403965", "pmcid": "PMC5762448", "doi": "10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "contradicts", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Moreover, the agar disk-diffusion method is not appropriate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), as it is impossible to quantify the amount of the antimicrobial agent diffused into the agar medium.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review supports Etest as an MIC method but states agar disk diffusion is not appropriate for MIC and that Etest is routinely used, contradicting both the agar-diffusion element and the 'much less common' framing." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927293:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927293", "claim": "The viability of cells upon antimicrobial action can be assessed at different time intervals by plate counting to determine the CFU (Zhang et al., 2000; Pulido et al., 2016).", "cited": { "label": "Pulido et al., 2016", "citation": "Pulido D., Prats-Ejarque G., Villalba C., Albacar M., González-López J. J., Torrent M., et al. (2016). A novel RNase 3/ECP peptide for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm eradication that combines antimicrobial, lipopolysaccharide binding, and cell-agglutinating activities. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 60 6313–6325. 10.1128/AAC.00830-16", "pmid": "27527084", "pmcid": "PMC5038260", "doi": "10.1128/aac.00830-16", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "medium", "note": "Only the abstract is available and it never mentions plate counting, CFU determination or time-course viability assays." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927293:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927293", "claim": "Alternatively, HDP/nucleotide interactions can be monitored using ^1H NMR (Hilpert et al., 2010) or ^31P NMR (de la Fuente-Núñez et al., 2014), by either using the signal of individual nucleotides in solution or whole bacteria.", "cited": { "label": "de la Fuente-Núñez et al., 2014", "citation": "de la Fuente-Núñez C., Reffuveille F., Haney E. F., Straus S. K., Hancock R. E. W. (2014). Broad-spectrum anti-biofilm peptide that targets a cellular stress response. PLoS Pathog. 10:e1004152. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004152", "pmid": "24852171", "pmcid": "PMC4031209", "doi": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1004152", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "31P-NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the binding of 1018 to ppGpp and GTP.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B used 31P-NMR to measure peptide 1018 binding to the nucleotides ppGpp and GTP, both in buffer and in samples prepared from P. aeruginosa cells." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927293:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927293", "claim": "Other much less common methods to determine MIC include the agar diffusion method and the antimicrobial gradient method (Etest) (Bonev et al., 2008; Wiegand et al., 2008; Balouiri et al., 2016).", "cited": { "label": "Von Gundlach et al., 2016", "citation": "Von Gundlach A. R., Garamus V. M., Willey T. M., Ilavsky J., Hilpert K., Rosenhahn A. (2016). Use of small-angle X-ray scattering to resolve intracellular structure changes of Escherichia coli cells induced by antibiotic treatment 1. J. Appl. Cryst. 49 2210–2216. 10.1107/S1600576716018562", "pmid": "27980516", "pmcid": "PMC5139998", "doi": "10.1107/s1600576716018562", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "The SAXS paper never mentions MIC determination, agar diffusion or Etest gradient methods." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13620291:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13620291", "claim": "Although several reports have described catheter ablation in PAPVR, data on pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) remain limited, and prior PFA cases have involved drainage into the superior vena cava [3].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Castiglione A., Kuffer T., Grani C., Servatius H., Reichlin T., and Roten L., “Pulsed‐Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Congenital Anomalies of Cardiac Veins,” Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 34, no. 5 (2023): 1183–1191.", "pmid": "37003265", "doi": "10.1111/jce.15900", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "PFA of an abnormal right superior PV draining into the distal SVC was possible without affecting the sinus node.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract reports PFA of anomalous pulmonary veins draining into the SVC, as claimed, though the same series also included an anomalous connection to the coronary sinus." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13620291:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13620291", "claim": "In addition, the PulseSelect system, with its over‐the‐wire design, may facilitate stable tissue contact and contribute to procedural safety in complex anatomy [6].", "cited": { "label": "6", "citation": "Van der Graaf M., Abeln B. G. S., Van Dijk V. F., et al., “Circular Over‐the‐Wire Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Differences in Outcomes Between Conscious Sedation or General Anesthesia,” Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 69, no. 2 (2026): 229–237.", "pmid": "41099985", "pmcid": "PMC12876484", "doi": "10.1007/s10840-025-02134-4", "year": 2026 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Our results demonstrated 100% acute pulmonary vein isolation in the CS group, suggesting no immediate concerns regarding catheter stability.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B compares sedation strategies with the circular over-the-wire catheter and reports good safety, but it never credits the over-the-wire design with stable tissue contact or safety in complex anatomy." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13620291:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13620291", "claim": "Therefore, electroanatomical mapping was used to define the spatial relationship between the sinus node region and the intended PFA delivery sites [4].", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Nozoe M., Mannoji H., Miyake R., et al., “Successful Pulsed‐Field Ablation of Superior Vena Cava Fibrillation Using a Circular Multielectrode Array Catheter,” JACC: Case Reports 30, no. 17 (2025): 103865.", "pmid": "40615196", "pmcid": "PMC12441462", "doi": "10.1016/j.jaccas.2025.103865", "year": 2025 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The area 2 cm above the sinus node was tagged on 3-dimensional (3D) mapping, and this level was targeted as the application site for PFA.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B describes using 3D electroanatomical activation mapping to find the sinus node region and tag PFA delivery sites relative to it, which matches the cited method." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10598012:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10598012", "claim": "Those constructs represent a computationally designed subset of a much larger collection of naturally occurring and artificial tandem repeat proteins, all of which contain modular units of repeated protein sequence and structure, that can be composed of a variety of structural motifs including α-helical bundles, β-sheets, or mixed topologies [20–22].", "cited": { "label": "22", "citation": "Park (2015) Control of repeat-protein curvature by computational protein design. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.", "pmid": "25580576", "pmcid": "PMC4318719", "doi": "10.1038/nsmb.2938", "title": "Control of repeat-protein curvature by computational protein design", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Repeat protein scaffolds have attracted much attention as alternative binding scaffolds to antibodies [1–4] and also as building blocks of protein nanomaterials [5–7] because of their intrinsic modularity and high stability.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B states repeat proteins are modular and designs leucine-rich repeats, but never states that tandem repeat proteins span helical bundles, beta-sheets and mixed topologies." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10598012:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10598012", "claim": "The computationally designed knotted proteins described in this study are related to previously described, de novo designed circular tandem repeat proteins (cTRPs), which have been constructed from repeated two-helix bundles and display a wide range of sizes and symmetries [9, 18, 19] (Fig. 1, left for an example).", "cited": { "label": "18", "citation": "Correnti (2020) Engineering and functionalization of large circular tandem repeat protein nanoparticles. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.", "pmid": "32203491", "pmcid": "PMC7336869", "doi": "10.1038/s41594-020-0397-5", "title": "Engineering and functionalization of large circular tandem repeat protein nanoparticles", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Here we describe the creation and characterization of a computationally designed circular tandem repeat protein (cTRP) composed of 24 identical repeated motifs, which can display a variety of functional protein domains (cargo) at defined positions around its periphery.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract confirms one computationally designed cTRP of 24 repeated motifs but does not show a range of sizes and symmetries or construction from two-helix bundles." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10598012:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10598012", "claim": "Within the database, there are 537 examples of protein chains that have been shown to adopt a + 31 right-handed trefoil knot, although there is some doubt about 9 of these due to chain breaks in the structure [38].", "cited": { "label": "38", "citation": "Dabrowski-Tumanski (2019) KnotProt 2.0: a database of proteins with knots and other entangled structures. Nucleic Acids Res.", "pmid": "30508159", "pmcid": "PMC6323932", "doi": "10.1093/nar/gky1140", "title": "KnotProt 2.0: a database of proteins with knots and other entangled structures", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "As of September 2018, out of the total of above 225.000 chains from the PDB, KnotProt 2.0 has identified 1549 knotted entries, 529 knotted chains, and 1020 chains that form slipknots.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The paper reports 529 knotted chains overall but never gives a count of 537 +3_1 trefoil chains or mentions 9 doubtful cases due to chain breaks; the figures likely come from the live database." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10598012:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10598012", "claim": "Those constructs represent a computationally designed subset of a much larger collection of naturally occurring and artificial tandem repeat proteins, all of which contain modular units of repeated protein sequence and structure, that can be composed of a variety of structural motifs including α-helical bundles, β-sheets, or mixed topologies [20–22].", "cited": { "label": "27", "citation": "Li et al. (2020) Single molecule force spectroscopy reveals the context dependent folding pathway of the C-terminal fragment of Top7. Chem. Sci.", "pmid": "34164053", "pmcid": "PMC8179357", "doi": "10.1039/d0sc06344d", "title": "Single molecule force spectroscopy reveals the context dependent folding pathway of the C-terminal fragment of Top7", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Full text is about single-molecule folding of Top7 and its C-terminal fragment; it says nothing about tandem repeat proteins or modular repeat architectures." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC3924438:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC3924438", "claim": "These exposure metrics differed in nature (e.g., heat waves with different definitions [68], maximum or minimum daily temperature as a continuous variable [69], indices combining temperature and humidity [59]).", "cited": { "label": "68", "citation": "Wang et al. (2013) Maternal exposure to heatwave and preterm birth in Brisbane, Australia. BJOG.", "pmid": "24034563", "doi": "10.1111/1471-0528.12397", "title": "Maternal exposure to heatwave and preterm birth in Brisbane, Australia", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "A series of cut-off temperatures and durations were used to define heatwave.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The abstract explicitly reports using multiple heatwave definitions, which is exactly what it is cited for." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC3924438:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC3924438", "claim": "Only a few of them explored the influence of some established or potential risk factors for pregnancy outcomes that follow seasonal patterns and/or are correlated with meteorological conditions [99].", "cited": { "label": "99", "citation": "Slama et al. (2008) Meeting report: Atmospheric pollution and human reproduction. Environ. Health Perspect.", "pmid": "18560536", "pmcid": "PMC2430236", "doi": "10.1289/ehp.11074", "title": "Meeting report: Atmospheric pollution and human reproduction", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In addition to spatial confounding (i.e., by factors spatially correlated with exposure), which may also exist in other environmental studies, reproductive studies can be affected by temporal confounding due to risk factors that vary seasonally with exposure.", "confidence": "low", "note": "The meeting report says seasonally varying risk factors (air pollution, infections, nutrition) can confound reproductive studies, but it does not say that only a few studies explored them and never mentions meteorological conditions." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC3924438:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC3924438", "claim": "Malaria may induce preterm delivery and low birth weight [101] and influenza has been suspected to cause preterm birth [50].", "cited": { "label": "101", "citation": "Takem & D’Alessandro (2013) Malaria in pregnancy. Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis.", "pmid": "23350023", "pmcid": "PMC3552837", "doi": "10.4084/mjhid.2013.010", "title": "Malaria in pregnancy", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "In unstable transmission settings, preterm deliveries, still births and neonatal deaths have been associated with malaria.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Review states malaria is associated with preterm delivery (P018) and increases risk of low birth weight (P017), both hedged as in the citing sentence." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC3924438:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC3924438", "claim": "Only a few of them explored the influence of some established or potential risk factors for pregnancy outcomes that follow seasonal patterns and/or are correlated with meteorological conditions [99].", "cited": { "label": "66", "citation": "Wolf & Armstrong (2012) The association of season and temperature with adverse pregnancy outcome in two German states, a time-series analysis. PLoS One.", "pmid": "22792247", "pmcid": "PMC3391296", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0040228", "title": "The association of season and temperature with adverse pregnancy outcome in two German states, a time-series analysis", "year": 2012 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "No adjustment was made for air pollution, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or infections.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B never states that only a few studies examined seasonally patterned risk factors; it instead notes it did not adjust for such factors." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6890796:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6890796", "claim": "We also found that ingesting microplastics did not affect the amount of prey ingested, and that these corals did not selectively ingest microplastics as has been observed in another species [33].", "cited": { "label": "33", "citation": "Allen et al. (2017) Chemoreception drives plastic consumption in a hard coral. Mar. Pollut. Bull.", "pmid": "28743368", "doi": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.030", "title": "Chemoreception drives plastic consumption in a hard coral", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Experiment one found that corals ingested many plastic types while mostly ignoring organic-free sand, suggesting that plastic contains phagostimulents.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's own experiments show the coral selectively ingested plastic over organic-free sand, i.e. selective microplastic ingestion in another species." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6890796:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6890796", "claim": "For future corals that will have to endure increasingly prolonged and intense thermal stress, and numerous other stressors [4], any amount of energy wasted could be significant.", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Van Hooidonk (2016) Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement. Sci. Rep.", "pmid": "28000782", "pmcid": "PMC5175274", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-016-0001-8", "title": "Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Under RCP8.5, ASB is projected to occur within the 21st century for 99% of the world’s coral reefs (Figs 1 and S1).", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The paper projects intensifying, eventually annual severe thermal bleaching stress, but it does not document the 'numerous other stressors' part beyond noting local anthropogenic stress as a management lever." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6890796:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6890796", "claim": "For future corals that will have to endure increasingly prolonged and intense thermal stress, and numerous other stressors [4], any amount of energy wasted could be significant.", "cited": { "label": "18", "citation": "Jones et al. (2008) A community change in the algal endosymbionts of a scleractinian coral following a natural bleaching event: Field evidence of acclimatization. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.", "pmid": "18348962", "pmcid": "PMC2367621", "doi": "10.1098/rspb.2008.0069", "title": "A community change in the algal endosymbionts of a scleractinian coral following a natural bleaching event: Field evidence of acclimatization", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Such conditions have occurred on reefs globally (Hoegh-Guldberg 1999; Wilkinson 2004) and are predicted to become more frequent as a result of global warming (Donner et al. 2005; Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007).", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B only says in its background, citing others, that bleaching conditions will become more frequent; it never states increasingly prolonged and intense thermal stress or numerous other stressors." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10483193:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10483193", "claim": "This is mainly due to the fact classical pathognomonic PD finding of dopamine deprivation in the substantia nigra which is mainly supported by gross anatomy findings from autopsy. [8]", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "Dickson DW. Neuropathology of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018;46:S30–3.", "pmid": "28780180", "pmcid": "PMC5718208", "doi": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The pathologic feature that correlates with signs and symptoms of PD is neuronal loss in the substantia nigra with dopaminergic denervation of the striatum.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract of this neuropathology review states nigral neuronal loss with dopaminergic denervation as the pathologic correlate of PD, though 'gross anatomy' understates that the evidence is histopathologic." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10483193:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10483193", "claim": "Study on normal human gait reflects the complex collaboration between intracranial structures such as sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and respective white matter in each walking phase. [4, 9]", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Gao C, Liu J, Tan Y, Chen S. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments. Transl Neurodegener. 2020;9:12.", "pmid": "32322387", "pmcid": "PMC7161193", "doi": "10.1186/s40035-020-00191-5", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "The main supraspinal regions exerting critical roles in locomotion are pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF), mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex [6].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Review covers cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain (MLR), pons (PMRF) and cerebellum in locomotion control, but not thalamus, white matter or per-walking-phase contributions." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10483193:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10483193", "claim": "However, fMRI is proven to be hard to do for PD-FoG diagnosis since ideal PD-FoG fMRI requires leg movement to activate the brain parts involved; hence, the resting and post-walking fMRI technique which did not fully reflect the PD-FoG under walking attempt. [10]", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Fasano A, Herman T, Tessitore A, Strafella AP, Bohnen NI. Neuroimaging of freezing of gait. J Parkinsons Dis. 2015;5:241–54.", "pmid": "25757831", "pmcid": "PMC4923721", "doi": "10.3233/jpd-150536", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The principal limitation of all these tools is that they require that patient’s head to remain immobile, thus precluding actual gait execution.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The review states that imaging requires an immobile head and so cannot capture actual gait, and elsewhere notes the lack of ecological validity of scanning patients lying down." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10483193:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10483193", "claim": "Study on normal human gait reflects the complex collaboration between intracranial structures such as sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and respective white matter in each walking phase. [4, 9]", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Fasano A, Herman T, Tessitore A, Strafella AP, Bohnen NI. Neuroimaging of freezing of gait. J Parkinsons Dis. 2015;5:241–54.", "pmid": "25757831", "pmcid": "PMC4923721", "doi": "10.3233/jpd-150536", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "SPECT using technetium-99m-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) in normal subjects have revealed that the supplementary motor area (SMA), medial primary sensorimotor area, the striatum, the cerebellar vermis and the visual cortex are activated during walking [30].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review reports, citing another study, that SMA, sensorimotor area, striatum, cerebellar vermis and visual cortex activate during walking in normal subjects, but not thalamus, pons or white matter contributions per walking phase." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6923777:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6923777", "claim": "In countries with high unemployment, many households generate livelihoods in the informal sector, including cottage industries (Figure 1d) such as vehicle spray painting, which may lead to increased levels of air pollutants in the immediate vicinity that frequently exceed the air quality guidelines of the World Health Organization [4, 5].", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Teare J, Kootbodien T, Naicker N and Mathee A. The extent, nature and environmental health implications of cottage industries in Johannesburg, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015; 12(2): 1894–1901.", "pmid": "25664698", "pmcid": "PMC4344700", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph120201894", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The uncontrolled use of hazardous substances in cottage industries poses a health threat to cottage industry workers themselves, as well as to their families and neighbors.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The paper documents home-based informal cottage industries including spray painting and their hazardous substances, but it measured no air pollutant levels and never mentions WHO air quality guidelines or exceedances." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6923777:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6923777", "claim": "A study undertaken in Accra, Ghana showed that biomass burning accounted for 39–62% of total PM2.5 mass in the cooking area, road dust and vehicle emissions comprised 12–33% of PM2.5 mass, and solid waste burning was also a significant contributor to household PM2.5 in low-income settlements [6].", "cited": { "label": "6", "citation": "Zhou Z, Dionisio KL, Verissimo TG, et al. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of household fine particulate matter in rural, peri-urban, and urban West Africa. Environmental Science & Technology. 2014; 48(2): 1343–51.", "pmid": "24351083", "doi": "10.1021/es404185m", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In Accra, biomass burning accounted for 39-62% of total PM2.5 mass in the cooking area in different neighborhoods; the absolute contributions were 10-45 μg/m(3).", "confidence": "high", "note": "The abstract reports the same Accra source apportionment figures, including road dust and vehicle emissions at 12-33% and solid waste burning in a low-income neighborhood." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13494461:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13494461", "claim": "This is crucial to consider, as disclosing an autism diagnosis to a child leads to more positive outcomes [12] and a higher likelihood of neurodiversity-affirming views [13].", "cited": { "label": "12", "citation": "Kiely et al. (2020) Patterns and outcomes of diagnosis disclosure to youth with autism spectrum disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr.", "pmid": "32735421", "doi": "10.1097/dbp.0000000000000802", "title": "Patterns and outcomes of diagnosis disclosure to youth with autism spectrum disorder", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "goes_further", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Youth awareness of the diagnosis was reported to be associated with improved self-advocacy skills (60%), enhanced self-awareness of personal strengths (69%) and weaknesses (68%), and other benefits.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Cross-sectional parent-reported associations and 'potential benefits' are stated as causal ('leads to more positive outcomes') in the citing sentence." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13494461:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13494461", "claim": "Autism, and disability more broadly, can be a critical aspect of one’s identity that emerges alongside other salient social and personal identities [2, 3].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Cooper et al. (2021) I’m proud to be a little bit different”: the effects of autistic individuals’ perceptions of autism and autism social identity on their collective self-esteem. J Autism Dev Disord.", "pmid": "32607798", "pmcid": "PMC7835309", "doi": "10.1007/s10803-020-04575-4", "title": "I’m proud to be a little bit different”: the effects of autistic individuals’ perceptions of autism and autism social identity on their collective self-esteem", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In sum, there is evidence that some autistic people prefer to see autism as integral to their identity, and that having a positive sense of autism identity has benefits for mental health.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B says autism can be a core or integral part of identity, and its focus groups showed pride in autistic identity, but it does not say this identity emerges alongside other salient social and personal identities." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13494461:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13494461", "claim": "A strong, positive autistic identity is linked to better mental health, wellbeing, and self-esteem among autistic young people and adults [22, 23].", "cited": { "label": "23", "citation": "Cooper et al. (2023) The impact of a positive autism identity and autistic community solidarity on social anxiety and mental health in autistic young people. Autism.", "pmid": "36062470", "pmcid": "PMC10074754", "doi": "10.1177/13623613221118351", "title": "The impact of a positive autism identity and autistic community solidarity on social anxiety and mental health in autistic young people", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Autism satisfaction was also a significant predictor, with higher autism satisfaction associated with higher psychological well-being β = 0.33, p < 0.001 (Table 2).", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B shows positive autism identity is associated with better well-being and lower social anxiety in autistic young people only; it did not study adults and dropped its self-esteem measure." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13494461:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13494461", "claim": "Autism, and disability more broadly, can be a critical aspect of one’s identity that emerges alongside other salient social and personal identities [2, 3].", "cited": { "label": "56", "citation": "Crane et al. (2021) Autistic parents’ views and experiences of talking about autism with their autistic children. Autism.", "pmid": "33397133", "pmcid": "PMC8111227", "doi": "10.1177/1362361320981317", "title": "Autistic parents’ views and experiences of talking about autism with their autistic children", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Since having a positive autistic self-identity is related to better mental health outcomes (Cooper et al., 2017), autistic parents could play a crucial role in the design and development of neurodiversity-based psycho-education programmes for autistic children and parents.", "confidence": "high", "note": "This study of autistic parents' disclosure conversations only mentions autistic self-identity in passing and never says autism or disability is a critical identity that emerges alongside other social and personal identities." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10482527:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10482527", "claim": "The EC aerosols increase the abundance of bacterial genes encoding quorum sensing, biofilm formation, stress response, and virulence factors [20].", "cited": { "label": "20", "citation": "Catala-Valentin A., Bernard J. N., Caldwell M., Maxson J., Moore S. D., Andl C. D. E-cigarette aerosol exposure favors the growth and colonization of oral Streptococcus mutans compared to commensal streptococci. Microbiology Spectrum . 2022;10(2)", "pmid": "35377225", "pmcid": "PMC9045065", "doi": "10.1128/spectrum.02421-21", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "A metagenomic study showed that e-cig aerosol exposure increased the abundance of bacterial genes encoding quorum sensing, biofilm formation, stress response, and virulence factors [15].", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B states the claim almost word for word, but only as background attributed to another metagenomic study [15], not as its own finding." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10482527:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10482527", "claim": "In general, added sugars enhance the flavor of tobacco products through sensory modification [6].", "cited": { "label": "6", "citation": "Fagan P., Pokhrel P., Herzog T. A., et al. Sugar and aldehyde content in flavored electronic cigarette liquids. Nicotine & Tobacco Research . 2018;20(8):985–992.", "pmid": "29182761", "pmcid": "PMC6037055", "doi": "10.1093/ntr/ntx234", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Sugars are major constituents and additives in traditional tobacco products, but little is known about their content or related toxins (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) liquids.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it confirms sugars are tobacco additives but says nothing about sugars enhancing flavor through sensory modification." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10482527:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10482527", "claim": "They are plausibly responsible for the adverse oral and systemic health effects as they contain aldehydes and free radicals leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, altered antioxidant activity, and protein carbonylation [7–9].", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Sundar I. K., Javed F., Romanos G. E., Rahman I. E-cigarettes and flavorings induce inflammatory and pro-senescence responses in oral epithelial cells and periodontal fibroblasts. Oncotarget . 2016;7(47):77196–77204.", "pmid": "27791204", "pmcid": "PMC5363580", "doi": "10.18632/oncotarget.12857", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In conclusion, our data showed that e-cig aerosol cause increased oxidative/carbonyl stress and inflammatory responses, and cellular senescence associated with persistent DNA damage via RAGE-HDAC2-dependent mechanisms in gingival epithelium, with greater response by flavored e-cigs.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B's own experiments show more oxidative/carbonyl stress, protein carbonylation and DNA damage in oral cells, and it mentions aldehydes in aerosols as background; it does not cover altered antioxidant activity, which is presumably supported by the other refs in the [7-9] group." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10482527:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10482527", "claim": "The EC aerosols increase the abundance of bacterial genes encoding quorum sensing, biofilm formation, stress response, and virulence factors [20].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Nelson J. M., Cuadra G. A., Palazzolo D. L. A comparison of flavorless electronic cigarette-generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke on the planktonic growth of common oral commensal streptococci. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . 2019;16(24):p. 5004.", "pmid": "31835369", "pmcid": "PMC6949915", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph16245004", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The results for all species show no significant differences in biomass for all treatments compared to the control.", "confidence": "high", "note": "This in vitro study measures commensal streptococci growth and biofilm biomass and does no gene or metagenomic analysis, so it says nothing about quorum sensing, stress response or virulence gene abundance." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13563148:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13563148", "claim": "Sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is common to be seen in patients with sepsis or septic shock [1, 2].", "cited": { "label": "2", "citation": "Gofton T. E. and Young G. B., “Sepsis‐Associated Encephalopathy,” Nature Reviews. Neurology 8 (2012): 557–566, 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.183.", "pmid": "22986430", "doi": "10.1038/nrneurol.2012.183", "year": 2012 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "SAE is frequently encountered in critically ill patients in intensive care units, and in up to 70% of patients with severe systemic infection.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract states SAE is frequent in critically ill/severely infected patients, matching the claim that it is common in sepsis." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13563148:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13563148", "claim": "In a previous study, we found some biomarker levels such as VCAM‐1 level are a well‐performing predictor of SE in septic patients [11].", "cited": { "label": "11", "citation": "Su C. M., Cheng H. H., Tsai T. C., et al., “Elevated Serum Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 Is Associated With Sepsis‐Associated Encephalopathy in Adult Community‐Onset Severe Sepsis Patients,” BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 598762, 10.1155/2014/598762.", "pmid": "24883317", "pmcid": "PMC4032707", "doi": "10.1155/2014/598762", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "sVCAM-1Day1 level had the highest AUC, reflecting good discrimination.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B's own ROC analysis gives sVCAM-1 the highest AUC (0.760) for predicting septic encephalopathy in severe sepsis patients." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13563148:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13563148", "claim": "However, lactate reflects dynamic changes in tissue perfusion and metabolism during resuscitation, its concentration may vary substantially over the course of sepsis treatment [17].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Vincent J. L., Quintairos E. S. A., L. Couto, Jr. , and Taccone F. S., “The Value of Blood Lactate Kinetics in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review,” Critical Care 20 (2016): 257, 10.1186/s13054-016-1403-5.", "pmid": "27520452", "pmcid": "PMC4983759", "doi": "10.1186/s13054-016-1403-5", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Blood lactate concentrations can have a complex evolution and may even increase over time (Fig. 1), a situation that one should then call “negative lactate clearance”.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review describes lactate as a marker of tissue perfusion that is shaped by metabolic production and elimination, and says serial levels change over the course of therapy, including in sepsis; it also notes the changes are relatively slow, over hours." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13563148:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13563148", "claim": "In a previous study, we found some biomarker levels such as VCAM‐1 level are a well‐performing predictor of SE in septic patients [11].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "Kim S. H., Kim H. J., Park K. N., et al., “Neuron‐Specific Enolase and Neuroimaging for Prognostication After Cardiac Arrest Treated With Targeted Temperature Management,” PLoS One 15 (2020): e0239979, 10.1371/journal.pone.0239979.", "pmid": "33002033", "pmcid": "PMC7529296", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0239979", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B is about NSE and neuroimaging prognostication after cardiac arrest and never mentions VCAM-1, sepsis or sepsis-associated encephalopathy." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6539174:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6539174", "claim": "However, too much Se potentially induces harmful effects on health, [21] and considering the narrow margin between safety and toxicity, the harmful levels of excess Se and the safe upper limit of Se have been disputed. [22]", "cited": { "label": "22", "citation": "Estevez et al. (2014) Effects of chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle pattern in HepG2 cells: comparison with other selenospecies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.", "pmid": "25038448", "doi": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.062", "title": "Effects of chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle pattern in HepG2 cells: comparison with other selenospecies", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Many studies have reported the potential beneficial effects of Se intake for cancer therapy and prevention, which are not only dose-dependent but also closely related to the properties of specific selenospecies.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it notes dose-dependent Se effects but does not address a narrow safety/toxicity margin or a disputed safe upper limit." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6539174:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6539174", "claim": "Apart from direct cell differentiation, BMSCs can also promote bone fracture healing by secreting different kinds of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. [31–33]", "cited": { "label": "32", "citation": "Kovach et al. (2015) Interactions between MSCs and immune cells: implications for bone healing. J Immunol Res.", "pmid": "26000315", "pmcid": "PMC4427002", "doi": "10.1155/2015/752510", "title": "Interactions between MSCs and immune cells: implications for bone healing", "year": 2015 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Review supports that MSCs act beyond differentiation via secreted soluble mediators, but describes immunomodulatory factors rather than growth factors and inflammatory cytokines promoting fracture healing." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6539174:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6539174", "claim": "Therefore, using nanotechnology, we developed a porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite that can slowly release a beneficial amount of Se, and the controlled release and in vivo stability of the porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposite provide the characteristics of biosafety and low toxicity. [23]", "cited": { "label": "23", "citation": "Zhu et al. (2017) Porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres treated paraquat-induced acute lung injury by resisting oxidative stress. Int J Nanomedicine.", "pmid": "29026307", "pmcid": "PMC5627737", "doi": "10.2147/ijn.s143192", "title": "Porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres treated paraquat-induced acute lung injury by resisting oxidative stress", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Due to their controlled-release, porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres may have advantages in bio-safety and in vivo stability.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B states slow/controlled release and only speculates that this may give bio-safety and in vivo stability advantages; it presents no toxicity or safety data, so the firm claim of biosafety and low toxicity is stronger than B's." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6539174:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6539174", "claim": "Apart from direct cell differentiation, BMSCs can also promote bone fracture healing by secreting different kinds of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. [31–33]", "cited": { "label": "37", "citation": "Li et al. (2017) The role of mitochondria in osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Protein Cell.", "pmid": "28271444", "pmcid": "PMC5445026", "doi": "10.1007/s13238-017-0385-7", "title": "The role of mitochondria in osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "This review covers mitochondrial dynamics in MSC differentiation and never discusses MSC secretion of growth factors or cytokines, or fracture healing." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13602820:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13602820", "claim": "As a proof of concept, we generated several recombinant virulent TP‐84 phages displaying specific markers on their capsids (Skowron et al. [2025]).", "cited": { "label": "2025", "citation": "Skowron, P. M. , Sobolewski I., Adamowicz K., et al. 2025. “The First Thermophilic Phage Display System.” Materials Today Bio 33: 101960. 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101960.", "pmid": "40585032", "pmcid": "PMC12205831", "doi": "10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101960", "year": 2025 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Three recombinant TP-84 phage variants (SI Appendix A, Table (A.2), each containing the modified variant of the major capsid protein, were designed and constructed (Fig. 2B–E, and SI Appendix B, Datasets B.3 to B.5).", "confidence": "high", "note": "B reports constructing several recombinant lytic TP-84 phages carrying affinity tags/markers displayed on capsid proteins, exactly what the sentence cites it for." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13602820:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13602820", "claim": "Imanaka et al. [1982] were the first to demonstrate the possibility of transforming G. stearothermophilus protoplasts using antibiotic‐resistance plasmids.", "cited": { "label": "1982", "citation": "Imanaka, T. , Fujii M., Aramori I., and Aiba S.. 1982. “Transformation of Bacillus stearothermophilus With Plasmid DNA and Characterization of Shuttle Vector Plasmids Between Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis .” Journal of Bacteriology 149: 824–830. 10.1128/jb.149.3.824-830.1982.", "pmid": "6277855", "pmcid": "PMC216468", "doi": "10.1128/jb.149.3.824-830.1982", "year": 1982 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "A thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus IFO 12550 (ATCC 12980) was transformed with each of the following plasmids, pUB110 (kanamycin resistance, Kmr), pTB19 (Kmr and tetracycline resistance [Tcr]), and its derivative pTB90 (Kmr Tcr), by the protoplast procedure in the presence of polyethylene glycol at 48 degrees C.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract reports protoplast transformation of B. stearothermophilus with kanamycin and tetracycline resistance plasmids; only the priority claim ('were the first') is not stated." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13602820:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13602820", "claim": "As a proof of concept, we generated several recombinant virulent TP‐84 phages displaying specific markers on their capsids (Skowron et al. [2025]).", "cited": { "label": "2024", "citation": "Skowron, P. M. , Łubkowska B., Sobolewski I., Żylicz‐Stachula A., Šimoliūnienė M., and Šimoliūnas E.. 2024. “Bacteriophages of Thermophilic ‘Bacillus Group’ Bacteria—A Systematic Review, 2023 Update.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25: 3125. 10.3390/ijms25063125.", "pmid": "38542099", "pmcid": "PMC10969951", "doi": "10.3390/ijms25063125", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "The review never reports making recombinant TP-84 phages that display markers on their capsids; it only notes that ten TP-84 genes were cloned and expressed in E. coli." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] } ], "eval-set-3": [ { "id": "PMC3984789:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC3984789", "claim": "Interestingly, curcumin accelerated amyloid oligomer-to-fibril conversion in Drosophila brain, and consistent with this result, in vitro aggregation of Aβ42 was enhanced in the presence of curcumin, which suggests that curcumin exerts its neuroprotective activity against Aβ42 by aggregating the neurotoxic oligomers into amyloid fibrils [94].", "cited": { "label": "94", "citation": "Caesar I, Jonson M, Nilsson KPR, Thor S, Hammarström P. 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SuHeXiang Wan essential oil alleviates amyloid beta induced memory impairment through inhibition of Tau protein phosphorylation in mice. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2011;39(5):917–932.", "pmid": "21905282", "doi": "10.1142/s0192415x11009305", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Pre-inhalation of SHXW essential oil improved the Aβ(1-42) induced memory impairment and suppressed Aβ(1-42) induced JNK, p38 and Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract reports SHXW oil inhalation suppressed Abeta42-induced JNK phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus; the word 'completely' cannot be checked from the abstract." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC3984789:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC3984789", "claim": "The number of DA neurons in the DMC of PD model flies treated with 5 μg/mL of celastrol was significantly increased over that in the DMC of untreated control flies [137].", "cited": { "label": "137", "citation": "Faust K, Gehrke S, Yang Y, Yang L, Beal MF, Lu B. Neuroprotective effects of compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Neuroscience. 2009;10, article 109", "pmid": "19723328", "pmcid": "PMC3152779", "doi": "10.1186/1471-2202-10-109", "year": 2009 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Immunostaining of TH+ neurons in the DMC of Ddc-Gal4>DJ-1A RNAi flies treated with celastrol at 5 μg/ml revealed a significant increase in the number of these neurons (10.1 ± 1.3 in untreated flies vs. 14.3 ± 1.0 in treated flies, a mean increase of 41%, P < 0.01).", "confidence": "high", "note": "B reports a significant 41% increase in DMC dopaminergic neurons in DJ-1A RNAi PD flies fed 5 μg/ml celastrol versus untreated PD flies." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13615300:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13615300", "claim": "As previous reports have linked the membrane attachment to low‐voltage areas and macro‐reentrant atrial tachycardia, we specifically assessed this region for non‐PV triggers [3].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Karimianpour et al. (2021) Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Cor Triatriatum Sinister: Case Series and Review. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology.", "pmid": "34648196", "doi": "10.1111/pace.14371", "title": "Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Cor Triatriatum Sinister: Case Series and Review", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The CTS membrane was associated with low voltage zones in the two patients in whom it was measured and with substrate for macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia in one of these patients.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The abstract links the cor triatriatum membrane to low-voltage zones and macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia substrate, though only in two patients." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13615300:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13615300", "claim": "Moreover, the impedance‐based tissue proximity indicator provided real‐time information regarding catheter–tissue proximity, which was useful for assessing catheter positioning and tissue contact within the accessory chamber and may have contributed to efficient ablation with reduced fluoroscopic guidance [4].", "cited": { "label": "4", "citation": "Hirata et al. (2024) Workflow of the Zero‐Fluoro Pulsed Field Ablation. Journal of Arrhythmia.", "pmid": "39669927", "pmcid": "PMC11632259", "doi": "10.1002/joa3.13174", "title": "Workflow of the Zero‐Fluoro Pulsed Field Ablation", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The VARIPULSE catheter can be manipulated in 3D‐EAM, and the catheter‐tissue contact can be confirmed with TPI, which does not require any fluoroscopy.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's zero-fluoro PFA workflow used impedance-based tissue proximity indication to confirm catheter-tissue contact without fluoroscopy, with all PVIs completed this way; the accessory chamber context is paper A's own case." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13615300:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13615300", "claim": "Although successful zero‐fluoroscopy PFA for AF in CTS has been previously reported [5], the use of the VARIPULSE system in this setting has not been described.", "cited": { "label": "5", "citation": "Mizuno et al. (2026) Zero‐Fluoroscopy Pulsed Field Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient With Cor Triatriatum Sinister: A Case Report. HeartRhythm Case Reports.", "pmid": "42028073", "pmcid": "PMC13100610", "doi": "10.1016/j.hrcr.2026.01.002", "title": "Zero‐Fluoroscopy Pulsed Field Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient With Cor Triatriatum Sinister: A Case Report", "year": 2026 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "We report a rare case of paroxysmal AF with CTS successfully treated with zero-fluoroscopy PFA using the PulseSelect system (Medtronic).", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B is a case report of successful zero-fluoroscopy pulsed field ablation for AF in cor triatriatum sinister, using PulseSelect rather than VARIPULSE." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13615300:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13615300", "claim": "Moreover, the impedance‐based tissue proximity indicator provided real‐time information regarding catheter–tissue proximity, which was useful for assessing catheter positioning and tissue contact within the accessory chamber and may have contributed to efficient ablation with reduced fluoroscopic guidance [4].", "cited": { "label": "5", "citation": "Mizuno et al. (2026) Zero‐Fluoroscopy Pulsed Field Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient With Cor Triatriatum Sinister: A Case Report. HeartRhythm Case Reports.", "pmid": "42028073", "pmcid": "PMC13100610", "doi": "10.1016/j.hrcr.2026.01.002", "title": "Zero‐Fluoroscopy Pulsed Field Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient With Cor Triatriatum Sinister: A Case Report", "year": 2026 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Adequate catheter–tissue contact was assessed by 2 methods: visualization with ICE and confirmation on 3D-EAM that the center electrode, designed with a forward tilt, deflected backward when pressed against the tissue and remained stable without further movement.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B never mentions an impedance-based tissue proximity indicator; contact was judged by ICE and catheter deflection on 3D mapping, and its impedance map was used only to characterize the membrane." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4359721:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4359721", "claim": "It is not easy to measure PSV because of cultural sanctioning, reluctant women to reveal it and no standardized definition of PSV [11, 12].", "cited": { "label": "11", "citation": "Nasir & Hyder (2003) Violence against pregnant women in developing countries: review of evidence. Eur J Public Health.", "pmid": "12803407", "doi": "10.1093/eurpub/13.2.105", "title": "Violence against pregnant women in developing countries: review of evidence", "year": 2003 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract reports prevalence ranges and risk factors but says nothing about measurement difficulties, cultural sanctioning, reluctance to disclose, or lack of a standard definition." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4359721:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4359721", "claim": "Although the present study found the lack of adverse effect of PSV on pregnancy outcomes, the psychological anger between partners can have negative effect on all family members in particular on infants [7].", "cited": { "label": "7", "citation": "Tiwari et al. (2008) The impact of psychological abuse by an intimate partner on the mental health of pregnant women. BJOG.", "pmid": "18190375", "pmcid": "PMC2253706", "doi": "10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01593.x", "title": "The impact of psychological abuse by an intimate partner on the mental health of pregnant women", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The lack of adverse effect of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes in terms of miscarriage, preterm labour, fetal distress and low birthweight might have been expected but psychological aggression between parents can have extremely negative effects on children.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B's discussion states psychological aggression between parents harms children (and its own data show harm to mothers' mental health), matching the cited point though B says children rather than infants specifically." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4359721:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4359721", "claim": "Many factors may explain this association including direct physical and health effects with mental health factors as well [12].", "cited": { "label": "12", "citation": "Bailey (2010) Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management. Int J Womens Health.", "pmid": "21072311", "pmcid": "PMC2971723", "doi": "10.2147/ijwh.s8632", "title": "Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management", "year": 2010 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Many factors may explain the association including direct physical effects, and the impact on mental health and behavioral changes.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Review states nearly verbatim that direct physical effects and mental health impacts may explain the IPV-birth outcome association." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4359721:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC4359721", "claim": "Although the present study found the lack of adverse effect of PSV on pregnancy outcomes, the psychological anger between partners can have negative effect on all family members in particular on infants [7].", "cited": { "label": "12", "citation": "Bailey (2010) Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management. Int J Womens Health.", "pmid": "21072311", "pmcid": "PMC2971723", "doi": "10.2147/ijwh.s8632", "title": "Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management", "year": 2010 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Effects are not limited to women who experience only physical abuse or trauma, as even psychological IPV has been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review links psychological IPV during pregnancy to poor newborn outcomes but says nothing about effects on all family members." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13413543:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13413543", "claim": "High-throughput sequencing platforms are increasingly accessible, bioinformatics pipelines are more sophisticated, and novel experimental strategies, ranging from virus-like particle enrichment to long-read sequencing, continue to expand the resolution with which viral communities can be characterized [3].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Sinno A., Baghdadi R., Narch R., El Rayes S., Tokajian S., Al Khoury C. Charting the virosphere: Computational synergies of AI and bioinformatics in viral discovery and evolution. J. Virol. 2025;99:e0155425.", "pmid": "41222234", "pmcid": "PMC12724264", "doi": "10.1128/jvi.01554-25", "year": 2025 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Subsequent adoption of Illumina sequencing rapidly eclipsed earlier platforms, owing to its superior base-calling accuracy, depth, and cost-effectiveness [30, 31].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Review describes advances in HTS platforms and bioinformatics pipelines for virome research, but never mentions virus-like particle enrichment or long-read sequencing." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13413543:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13413543", "claim": "One study employed next-generation sequencing to characterize totivirus-like viruses in liver tissue from Molossus molossus bats in the Brazilian Amazon, identifying sequences belonging to two distinct phylogenetic clades and sharing less than 18% similarity with a previously described totivirus from bat guano [9, 10].", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Pinheiro L.R.S., Rodrigues É., Paiva F.A.D.S., Cruz A.C.R., Medeiros D.B.A., Casseb A.D.R., Silva S.P.D., Casseb L.M.N. Identification of Viruses in. Microorganisms. 2024;12:593.", "pmid": "38543644", "pmcid": "PMC10974934", "doi": "10.3390/microorganisms12030593", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The families Nimaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Drexlerviridae, Permutotetraviridae, Solemoviridae, Microviridae, Genomoviridae, Tymoviridae, Totiviridae, Iflaviridae, and Paramyxoviridae all had positivity in only one pool.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B detected Totiviridae by NGS in Molossus bats from the Brazilian Amazon, but used lung (not liver) samples and reports no two clades or <18% similarity to a guano totivirus." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13413543:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13413543", "claim": "Several studies in this issue focus on viral discovery in wildlife, with bats emerging as a recurring theme given their recognized role as reservoirs of viral diversity [1, 2].", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Arkhipova K., Skvortsov T., Quinn J.P., McGrath J.W., Allen C.C., Dutilh B.E., McElarney Y., Kulakov L.A. Temporal dynamics of uncultured viruses: A new dimension in viral diversity. ISME J. 2018;12:199–211.", "pmid": "29027998", "pmcid": "PMC5739013", "doi": "10.1038/ismej.2017.157", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it describes a year-long metagenomic study of viruses in a freshwater lake and never mentions bats or bats as viral reservoirs." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13413543:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13413543", "claim": "High-throughput sequencing platforms are increasingly accessible, bioinformatics pipelines are more sophisticated, and novel experimental strategies, ranging from virus-like particle enrichment to long-read sequencing, continue to expand the resolution with which viral communities can be characterized [3].", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Pinheiro L.R.S., Rodrigues É., Paiva F.A.D.S., Cruz A.C.R., Medeiros D.B.A., Casseb A.D.R., Silva S.P.D., Casseb L.M.N. Identification of Viruses in. Microorganisms. 2024;12:593.", "pmid": "38543644", "pmcid": "PMC10974934", "doi": "10.3390/microorganisms12030593", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "B is a descriptive metagenomic survey of viruses in Molossus bats and says nothing about sequencing becoming more accessible, better pipelines, VLP enrichment or long-read sequencing." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6862121:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6862121", "claim": "The imprinted gene Xist, which is expressed in female somatic cells and is responsible for X chromosome inactivation, is downregulated after reprogramming to the naïve pluripotent state, i.e., iPSCs [32, 33, 34].", "cited": { "label": "32", "citation": "Maherali et al. (2007) Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution. Cell Stem Cell.", "pmid": "18371336", "doi": "10.1016/j.stem.2007.05.014", "title": "Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution", "year": 2007 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Female iPS cells showed reactivation of a somatically silenced X chromosome and underwent random X inactivation upon differentiation.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only: it reports reactivation of the silenced X in female iPS cells, consistent with the claim, but never mentions Xist expression or its downregulation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6862121:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6862121", "claim": "For instance, female naïve pluripotent stem cells do not contain an inactive X chromosome (Xi) and thus have two active X chromosomes (XaXa), whereas female primed pluripotent stem cells contain Xi (XaXi) in a manner similar to that observed in differentiated somatic cells [31].", "cited": { "label": "31", "citation": "Takahashi et al. (2018) Epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells. Cell. Mol. Life Sci.", "pmid": "29134247", "pmcid": "PMC5843680", "doi": "10.1007/s00018-017-2703-x", "title": "Epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Thus, XCI state is closely linked to the cell’s differentiation state; naïve mESCs/miPSCs lack an Xi and primed mEpiSCs possess one (Fig. 1a).", "confidence": "high", "note": "The review states naive mouse ESCs have two active Xs while primed EpiSCs carry an Xi, and that XCI is completed in somatic lineages." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6862121:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6862121", "claim": "Several groups have also suggested that loss of imprinting is specific to naïve pluripotent stem cells and is rarely seen in primed pluripotent stem cells [35, 36, 37].", "cited": { "label": "36", "citation": "Gu et al. (2016) Pluripotency-associated miR-290/302 family of microRNAs promote the dismantling of naive pluripotency. Cell Res.", "pmid": "26742694", "pmcid": "PMC4783473", "doi": "10.1038/cr.2016.2", "title": "Pluripotency-associated miR-290/302 family of microRNAs promote the dismantling of naive pluripotency", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "B studies miR-290/302 in the naive-to-primed transition and never mentions imprinting, loss of imprinting or DNA methylation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC6862121:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6862121", "claim": "For instance, female naïve pluripotent stem cells do not contain an inactive X chromosome (Xi) and thus have two active X chromosomes (XaXa), whereas female primed pluripotent stem cells contain Xi (XaXi) in a manner similar to that observed in differentiated somatic cells [31].", "cited": { "label": "19", "citation": "Seo et al. (2018) Mitochondrial dynamics in stem cells and differentiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci.", "pmid": "30563106", "pmcid": "PMC6321186", "doi": "10.3390/ijms19123893", "title": "Mitochondrial dynamics in stem cells and differentiation", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "There are two types of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), naïve and primed PSCs.", "confidence": "high", "note": "This mitochondrial dynamics review distinguishes naive and primed PSCs by mitochondrial features only and never discusses X-chromosome inactivation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10741143:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10741143", "claim": "The development of machine learning models for aiding early pandemic clinical decisions is crucial, reducing diagnosis time and assisting emergency medical personnel [1].", "cited": { "label": "1", "citation": "Rubin G.D., Ryerson C.J., Haramati L.B., Sverzellati N., Kanne J.P., Raoof S., Schluger N.W., Volpi A., Yim J.J., Martin I.B.K., et al. The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology. 2020;296:172–180.", "pmid": "32255413", "pmcid": "PMC7233395", "doi": "10.1148/radiol.2020201365", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Because healthcare personnel and infrastructure may be overwhelmed by a high influx of new patients and resources are limited to provide critical care, urgent decision-making and triage are of primary importance.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B is a Fleischner consensus on chest imaging in COVID-19 and never mentions machine learning models; it only stresses urgent triage and imaging-based decisions." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10741143:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10741143", "claim": "Müller-Franzes et al. [31] compare their latent denoising diffusion model, Medfusion, to GAN models on multiple medical imaging datasets of fundoscopy images, radiographs, and histopathology images.", "cited": { "label": "31", "citation": "Müller-Franzes G., Niehues J.M., Khader F., Arasteh S.T., Haarburger C., Kuhl C., Wang T., Han T., Nolte T., Nebelung S., et al. A multimodal comparison of latent denoising diffusion probabilistic models and generative adversarial networks for medical image synthesis. Sci. Rep. 2023;13:12098.", "pmid": "37495660", "pmcid": "PMC10372018", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-39278-0", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "We compare our DDPM-based model against GAN-based models by using images sourced from ophthalmology, radiology and histopathology and demonstrate that DDPMs beat GANs in terms of precision and diversity.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The paper proposes Medfusion, a latent DDPM, and compares it with GANs on fundoscopy, chest radiograph and histopathology datasets." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10741143:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10741143", "claim": "Recently, diffusion-based models have shown improved performances over GAN-based architectures in many domains [26, 27, 28].", "cited": { "label": "27", "citation": "Croitoru F.A., Hondru V., Ionescu R.T., Shah M. Diffusion Models in Vision: A Survey. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2023;45:10850–10869.", "pmid": "37030794", "doi": "10.1109/tpami.2023.3261988", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Diffusion models are widely appreciated for the quality and diversity of the generated samples, despite their known computational burdens, i.e., low speeds due to the high number of steps involved during sampling.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The survey abstract praises diffusion sample quality and mentions GANs only as related models, without saying diffusion outperforms GANs." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10741143:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10741143", "claim": "The development of machine learning models for aiding early pandemic clinical decisions is crucial, reducing diagnosis time and assisting emergency medical personnel [1].", "cited": { "label": "13", "citation": "Kebaili A., Lapuyade-Lahorgue J., Ruan S. Deep Learning Approaches for Data Augmentation in Medical Imaging: A Review. J. Imaging. 2023;9:81.", "pmid": "37103232", "pmcid": "PMC10144738", "doi": "10.3390/jimaging9040081", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "This review of generative data augmentation in medical imaging does not discuss pandemic clinical decisions, diagnosis time or emergency personnel." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4149880:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4149880", "claim": "Therefore, barley can be an excellent source of natural antioxidants to inhibit lipid oxidation, or for disease prevention and health promotion [6].", "cited": { "label": "6", "citation": "Liu & Yao (2007) Antioxidant activities of barley seeds extracts. Food Chem.", "doi": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.051", "title": "Antioxidant activities of barley seeds extracts", "year": 2007 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The 70% acetone extract of barley exhibited high antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system, which was not significantly (P < 0.05) different from BHT during the incubation time.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract supports barley extracts as antioxidants that inhibit lipid oxidation in vitro, but says nothing about disease prevention or health promotion." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4149880:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4149880", "claim": "The major phenolic acid found in barley is ferulic acid [4, 5].", "cited": { "label": "5", "citation": "Klepacka et al. (2011) Phenolic compounds as cultivar- and variety-distinguishing factors in some products. Plant Foods Hum Nutr.", "pmid": "21243436", "pmcid": "PMC3079089", "doi": "10.1007/s11130-010-0205-1", "title": "Phenolic compounds as cultivar- and variety-distinguishing factors in some products", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "contradicts", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Grains of barley contained the largest amounts of syringic acid (67.2–74.7 mg/100 g in winter varieties and 57.3–80.6 mg/100 g in spring varieties) and the smallest amounts of coumaric acid (2.5 mg/100 g in winter varieties and 2 to 5.2 mg/100 g in spring ones) (Table 1).", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B measured syringic acid, not ferulic acid, as the dominant phenolic acid in barley grains (ferulic was only 6.5-25.8 mg/100 g)." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "different", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10712195:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10712195", "claim": "In addition, it can improve the bone density and microstructure of iron excess mice [104].", "cited": { "label": "104", "citation": "Zhang Q, Zhao L, Shen Y, He Y, Cheng G, Yin M, Zhang Q, Qin L. Curculigoside protects against excess-iron-induced bone loss by attenuating Akt-FoxO1-dependent oxidative damage to mice and osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:9281481.", "pmid": "31949885", "pmcid": "PMC6948300", "doi": "10.1155/2019/9281481", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In vivo studies showed that BMD and microarchitectural parameters were improved after a 3-month administration of CUR.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B's micro-CT data show curculigoside raised BMD and improved trabecular microarchitecture in iron-overload mice." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10712195:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10712195", "claim": "The GCH1/DHFR/BH4 [25, 64] and ATG5/ATG7/NCOA433 [65] pathways also play roles in regulating ferroptosis by regulating intracellular iron ion and ROS formation (Fig. 1).", "cited": { "label": "65", "citation": "Park E, Chung SW. ROS-mediated autophagy increases intracellular iron levels and ferroptosis by ferritin and transferrin receptor regulation. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(11):822.", "pmid": "31659150", "pmcid": "PMC6817894", "doi": "10.1038/s41419-019-2064-5", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Thus, our results demonstrate that autophagy regulates intracellular iron levels through ferritin degradation and transferrin receptor induction.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B shows autophagy regulates iron and ferroptosis using BECN1- and LC3B-deficient cells; ATG7 is never mentioned and NCOA4 appears only as background, so the specific ATG5/ATG7/NCOA4 pathway is not what it tests." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10712195:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10712195", "claim": "Quercetin is widely found in TCM, such as Scutellaria baicalensis [97], Ginkgo biloba [98] and Eucommia japonica [99].", "cited": { "label": "99", "citation": "Li X, Yang L, Liu S, Fei D, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Effect of quercetin-3-O-sambubioside isolated from Eucommia ulmoides male flowers on spontaneous activity and convulsion rate in mice. Planta Med. 2014;80(12):974–977.", "pmid": "25098932", "doi": "10.1055/s-0034-1382902", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside is a monomeric compound found in Eucommia ulmoides male flowers from which it was extracted using a system solvent method.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B reports a quercetin glycoside (quercetin-3-O-sambubioside) in Eucommia ulmoides male flowers, not quercetin itself, so it supports only a narrower version." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10712195:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10712195", "claim": "In addition, it can improve the bone density and microstructure of iron excess mice [104].", "cited": { "label": "40", "citation": "Su LJ, Zhang JH, Gomez H, Murugan R, Hong X, Xu D, Jiang F, Peng ZY. Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation in apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:5080843.", "pmid": "31737171", "pmcid": "PMC6815535", "doi": "10.1155/2019/5080843", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "This lipid peroxidation and cell death review never mentions bone density, bone microstructure or iron-overloaded mice." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13624356:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13624356", "claim": "In particular, debate continues regarding who should represent autistic people whose disabilities may prevent them from representing themselves (McCoy et al., 2020).", "cited": { "label": "McCoy et al., 2020", "citation": "McCoy M. S., Liu E. Y., Lutz A. S. F., Sisti D. (2020). Ethical advocacy across the autism spectrum: Beyond partial representation. The American Journal of Bioethics, 20(4), 13–24. 10.1080/15265161.2020.1730482", "pmid": "32208091", "doi": "10.1080/15265161.2020.1730482", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Recent debates within the autism advocacy community have raised difficult questions about who can credibly act as a representative of a particular population and what responsibilities that role entails.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract confirms an ongoing debate over who can represent autistic people but never mentions people whose disabilities stop them representing themselves." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13624356:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13624356", "claim": "Notably, social media samples often include more late-diagnosed individuals (Rødgaard et al., 2022), who tend to be more supportive of identity-first language (IFL) (Bury, Jellett, Haschek, et al., 2023).", "cited": { "label": "Rødgaard et al., 2022", "citation": "Rødgaard E.-M., Jensen K., Miskowiak K. W., Mottron L. (2022). Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media. Autism Research, 15(8), 1447–1456. 10.1002/aur.2777", "pmid": "35809003", "pmcid": "PMC9541916", "doi": "10.1002/aur.2777", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In the investigated studies we found a tendency for the mean age of autism diagnosis to be high and often well into adulthood (median = 29.8 years).", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's review of 36 social-media-recruited autism studies found mean diagnosis ages often well into adulthood, i.e. many late-diagnosed participants." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC13624356:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC13624356", "claim": "Some guidelines recommend neutral alternatives like characteristics, traits, or features (Bottema-Beutel et al., 2021; Dwyer et al., 2022; Monk et al., 2022), but community views on these terms are unclear.", "cited": { "label": "Bottema-Beutel et al., 2021", "citation": "Bottema-Beutel K., Kapp S. K., Lester J. N., Sasson N. J., Hand B. N. (2021). Avoiding ableist language: Suggestions for autism researchers. Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 18–29. 10.1089/aut.2020.0014", "pmid": "36601265", "pmcid": "PMC8992888", "doi": "10.1089/aut.2020.0014", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Autism symptoms [17] | Specific autistic characteristics, features, or traits", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B's own Table 1 suggests replacing 'autism symptoms' with 'specific autistic characteristics, features, or traits'." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC13624356:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC13624356", "claim": "Notably, social media samples often include more late-diagnosed individuals (Rødgaard et al., 2022), who tend to be more supportive of identity-first language (IFL) (Bury, Jellett, Haschek, et al., 2023).", "cited": { "label": "Bent et al., 2024", "citation": "Bent C. A., Aulich A., Constantine C., Fidock E., Dwyer P., Green C., Smith J., Gurba A. N., Harrington L. T., Gore K. E., Rabba A. S., Ayton L. N., Fordyce K., Green J., Jellett R., Kennedy L. J., MacDuffie K. E., Meera S. S., Watson L. R., Hudry K. (2024). Autistic and autism community perspectives on infant and family support in the first two years of life: Findings from a community consulta…", "pmid": "39080987", "pmcid": "PMC12332231", "doi": "10.1177/13623613241262077", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B surveys views on very-early infant supports; it reports Autistic respondents preferring identity-first language but says nothing about late-diagnosed people or the makeup of social media samples." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10564124:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10564124", "claim": "Regardless of whether it is caused by illnesses, chronic pain does not immediately endanger human life, but many people have to live with it [3, 4].", "cited": { "label": "3", "citation": "Goldberg & McGee (2011) Pain as a global public health priority. BMC PUBLIC HEALTH.", "pmid": "21978149", "pmcid": "PMC3201926", "doi": "10.1186/1471-2458-11-770", "title": "Pain as a global public health priority", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Estimates suggest that 20% of adults suffer from pain globally and 10% are newly diagnosed with chronic pain each year.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B shows that many people live with chronic pain but never says chronic pain is not immediately life-threatening." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10564124:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10564124", "claim": "In addition, it has been successfully adapted to Arabic [16], Spanish [22], Turkish [23], and other languages.", "cited": { "label": "16", "citation": "Alhalal & Jackson (2021) Evaluation of the Arabic version of the Chronic Pain Grade scale: Psychometric properties. RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH.", "pmid": "33586152", "doi": "10.1002/nur.22116", "title": "Evaluation of the Arabic version of the Chronic Pain Grade scale: Psychometric properties", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "This study provides evidence that the Arabic CPG scale is a reliable and valid measure of chronic pain dimensions, including pain intensity, and pain-related disability.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's abstract reports a psychometric validation of an Arabic version of the Chronic Pain Grade scale, which is what it is cited for." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10564124:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10564124", "claim": "Krebs demonstrated the reliability of the PEG scale in primary care patients with moderate to severe chronic pain, with a reliability of 0.73, and in veterans, with a reliability of 0.89 [44].", "cited": { "label": "44", "citation": "Krebs et al. (2009) Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med.", "pmid": "19418100", "pmcid": "PMC2686775", "doi": "10.1007/s11606-009-0981-1", "title": "Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference", "year": 2009 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Reliability of the PEG was 0.73 in Study 1 and 0.89 in Study 2.", "confidence": "high", "note": "PEG reliability was 0.73 in Study 1 (primary care patients with pain of at least moderate severity) and 0.89 in Study 2 (veterans)." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10564124:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10564124", "claim": "Regardless of whether it is caused by illnesses, chronic pain does not immediately endanger human life, but many people have to live with it [3, 4].", "cited": { "label": "41", "citation": "Ng et al. (2022) Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire in People with Stroke. Int J Environ Res Public Health.", "pmid": "36497524", "pmcid": "PMC9735463", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph192315450", "title": "Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire in People with Stroke", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B is a psychometric validation of the Chinese Ox-PAQ in stroke and says nothing about chronic pain or living with it." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4078588:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4078588", "claim": "In preparing an adaptation plan, a public health agency should aim to be comprehensive, considering options for action that cut across all of the essential public health functions from surveillance to regulation to outreach and education [6].", "cited": { "label": "6", "citation": "Frumkin et al. (2008) Climate change: The public health response. Amer. J. Public Health.", "pmid": "18235058", "pmcid": "PMC2253589", "doi": "10.2105/ajph.2007.119362", "title": "Climate change: The public health response", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "We propose a public health approach to climate change, based on the essential public health services, that extends to both clinical and population health services and emphasizes the coordination of government agencies (federal, state, and local), academia, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract proposes a climate response built on the essential public health services; the specific examples (surveillance, regulation, outreach) are not listed in the abstract." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4078588:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4078588", "claim": "For instance, a recent structured review of population-level interventions to reduce the impacts of extreme heat identified only 14 studies, all of which were cross-sectional or retrospective, and the authors were unable to generate a specific estimate of impacts [87].", "cited": { "label": "87", "citation": "Bassil & Cole (2010) Effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality during heat episodes: A structured review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.", "pmid": "20617014", "pmcid": "PMC2872323", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph7030991", "title": "Effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality during heat episodes: A structured review", "year": 2010 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Given the substantial heterogeneity in study design, these findings are presented in the narrative, and summarized in Table 1, which provides an illustration of the breadth of study design and methodologies.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B's Table 1 lists 14 included studies, all cross-sectional surveys or regression/economic analyses of past data, and the findings were synthesized narratively, with B noting it is unclear how much mortality reduction can be attributed to interventions." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC4078588:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4078588", "claim": "While the EBPH literature on public health interventions in response to climate change is meager, a recent review lists a wide range of such interventions [84] and outlines the relevant evidence.", "cited": { "label": "84", "citation": "Bouzid et al. (2013) The effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce the health impact of climate change: A systematic review of systematic reviews. PLoS One.", "pmid": "23634220", "pmcid": "PMC3636259", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0062041", "title": "The effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce the health impact of climate change: A systematic review of systematic reviews", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The interventions included environmental interventions to control vectors, chemoprophylaxis, immunization, household and community water treatment, greening cities and community advice.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The systematic review of reviews covers a range of public health interventions for climate-sensitive diseases and GRADE-assesses the evidence for each." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4078588:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC4078588", "claim": "For instance, a recent structured review of population-level interventions to reduce the impacts of extreme heat identified only 14 studies, all of which were cross-sectional or retrospective, and the authors were unable to generate a specific estimate of impacts [87].", "cited": { "label": "61", "citation": "Tran et al. (2013) A cross-sectional, randomized cluster sample survey of household vulnerability to extreme heat among slum dwellers in Ahmedabad, India. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.", "pmid": "23778061", "pmcid": "PMC3717750", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph10062515", "title": "A cross-sectional, randomized cluster sample survey of household vulnerability to extreme heat among slum dwellers in Ahmedabad, India", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "There is also a growing need for intervention research describing heat-health interventions; factors affecting intervention deployment, implementation, and reproduction; and intervention impacts and cost-effectiveness.", "confidence": "high", "note": "This is a cross-sectional slum survey in Ahmedabad, not a structured review; it never reports a review that found 14 cross-sectional or retrospective intervention studies." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10864617:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10864617", "claim": "According to the World Health Organization, dental caries is the 4th most expensive disease to treat [7].", "cited": { "label": "7", "citation": "Petersen (2008) World health organization global policy for improvement of oral health - world health assembly 2007. Int Dent J.", "pmid": "18630105", "doi": "10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00185.x", "title": "World health organization global policy for improvement of oral health - world health assembly 2007", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Meanwhile, oral disease is still a major public health problem in high income countries and the burden of oral disease is growing in many low- and middle income countries.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Only the abstract is available and it describes WHO oral health policy without any ranking of dental caries by treatment cost." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10864617:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10864617", "claim": "For instance, the National Australian Child Dental Survey conducted in 2003–2004 reported that 40%–57% of adolescents aged 12–15 had experienced dental caries [10], which highlights the widespread nature of this complex disease.", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Skinner et al. (2013) Dental caries in 14- and 15-year-olds in New South Wales, Australia. BMC Public Health.", "pmid": "24209635", "pmcid": "PMC3840655", "doi": "10.1186/1471-2458-13-1060", "title": "Dental caries in 14- and 15-year-olds in New South Wales, Australia", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Similar levels of caries experience (40-57%) were recorded for 12-15-year-olds in the National Australian Child Dental Survey in 2003–04 [3].", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's background states the 40-57% figure for 12-15-year-olds from the 2003-04 national survey, citing another source; its own NSW survey found 45.4%." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "stronger", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10864617:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10864617", "claim": "For instance, the National Australian Child Dental Survey conducted in 2003–2004 reported that 40%–57% of adolescents aged 12–15 had experienced dental caries [10], which highlights the widespread nature of this complex disease.", "cited": { "label": "41", "citation": "de Llano-Pérula et al. (2020) Malocclusion, dental caries and oral health-related quality of life: a comparison between adolescent school children in urban and rural regions in Peru. Int J Environ Res Public Health.", "pmid": "32204433", "pmcid": "PMC7143063", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph17062038", "title": "Malocclusion, dental caries and oral health-related quality of life: a comparison between adolescent school children in urban and rural regions in Peru", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "This Peruvian study of adolescent caries and malocclusion never mentions the National Australian Child Dental Survey or its 40%-57% caries figures." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4018407:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4018407", "claim": "The effect of these policies may also extend throughout ecosystems because households in developing countries are often dependent on harvesting natural resources [8], which can affect non-target resources through ecological interactions [9].", "cited": { "label": "9", "citation": "Scheffer et al. (2005) Cascading effects of overfishing marine systems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution.", "pmid": "16701438", "doi": "10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.018", "title": "Cascading effects of overfishing marine systems", "year": 2005 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Overall, the view emerges that, in a range of marine ecosystems, the effects of fisheries extend well beyond the collapse of fish exploited stocks.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's abstract describes indirect cascading ecosystem effects of over-fishing beyond the harvested stocks, matching the general point that harvesting affects non-target resources through ecological interactions." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4018407:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC4018407", "claim": "We also expected that resulting changes in fishing labor would affect fish stocks and the algae that fish eat as well as the algae's competitors, corals [18], [19].", "cited": { "label": "18", "citation": "Sandin et al. (2008) Degradation of coral reef communities across a gradient of recent human disturbance. PLoS ONE.", "pmid": "18301734", "pmcid": "PMC2244711", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0001548", "title": "Degradation of coral reef communities across a gradient of recent human disturbance", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "We found that top predators and reef-building organisms dominated unpopulated Kingman and Palmyra, while small planktivorous fishes and fleshy algae dominated the populated atolls of Tabuaeran and Kiritimati.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B links rising fishing pressure to altered fish assemblages and to more fleshy algae and less coral on fished atolls, though it found no clear tie between herbivore biomass and benthic structure." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC4018407:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC4018407", "claim": "We also expected that resulting changes in fishing labor would affect fish stocks and the algae that fish eat as well as the algae's competitors, corals [18], [19].", "cited": { "label": "31", "citation": "Dinsdale et al. (2008) Microbial ecology of four coral atolls in the Northern Line Islands. Plos One.", "pmid": "18301735", "pmcid": "PMC2253183", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0001584", "title": "Microbial ecology of four coral atolls in the Northern Line Islands", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The proposed mechanism is that overfishing removes both predatory and herbivorous fish. Loss of the herbivorous fish results in more algae and microbial growth, which leads to an increased coral death via the microbial mechanisms described above.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Although cited under a different label, the paper proposes as its favored hypothesis that overfishing removes herbivorous fish, increasing algae and coral death, matching the tentative expectation in the citing sentence." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC5599905:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC5599905", "claim": "In addition, Osthole induces endochondral ossification by up-regulation of mature osteoblast marker genes [20].", "cited": { "label": "20", "citation": "Zhang et al. (2016) Osthole Promotes Endochondral Ossification and Accelerates Fracture Healing in Mice. Calcified tissue international.", "pmid": "27538772", "pmcid": "PMC5097785", "doi": "10.1007/s00223-016-0189-4", "title": "Osthole Promotes Endochondral Ossification and Accelerates Fracture Healing in Mice", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Together, IHC results indicated that during reparative phase osthole enhances mineralization of hypertrophic cartilage as well as woven bone formation by augmenting expression of Col-X (chondrocyte maturation marker) and osteogenic markers.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B's mouse fracture study found osthole raised BMP-2, ALP and OCN (osteogenic markers) and Col-X in callus and promoted endochondral ossification; markers were measured as proteins by IHC rather than as genes." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC5599905:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC5599905", "claim": "BMP2 plays an important role in chondrocyte differentiation and maturation [21].", "cited": { "label": "21", "citation": "Shu et al. (2011) BMP2, but not BMP4, is crucial for chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral bone development. Journal of cell science.", "pmid": "21984813", "pmcid": "PMC3196857", "doi": "10.1242/jcs.083659", "title": "BMP2, but not BMP4, is crucial for chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral bone development", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Both dKO and Bmp2 cKO mice exhibit severe disorganization of chondrocytes within the growth plate region and display profound defects in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract (and title) report that chondrocyte-specific Bmp2 deletion causes profound defects in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and maturation, so BMP2 is crucial for these processes." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC5599905:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC5599905", "claim": "In addition, Osthole induces endochondral ossification by up-regulation of mature osteoblast marker genes [20].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "Hua et al. (2013) Osthole mitigates progressive IgA nephropathy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and NF-kappaB/NLRP3 pathway. PloS one.", "pmid": "24204969", "pmcid": "PMC3810132", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0077794", "title": "Osthole mitigates progressive IgA nephropathy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and NF-kappaB/NLRP3 pathway", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B studies osthole in IgA nephropathy and never mentions bone, ossification or osteoblast markers." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12783470:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC12783470", "claim": "Preclinical studies with PLGA-based nanoparticles carrying tenofovir or efavirenz have demonstrated detectable plasma levels in rodent with release duration influenced by polymer composition (e.g., lactide: glycolide ratio) and particle size [69].", "cited": { "label": "69", "citation": "Shailender J, Ravi PR, Saha P, Dalvi A, Myneni S. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate loaded PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced oral absorption: Effect of experimental variables and in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces [Internet]. 2017 Oct 1 [cited 2025 Sep 30];158:610–9. Available from:", "pmid": "28755558", "doi": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.037", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Single dose pharmacokinetic study in rats was conducted to evaluate the oral absorption of the designed nanoparticles.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract supports PLGA tenofovir nanoparticles giving measurable rat plasma exposure (5.8-fold AUC), but says nothing about release duration varying with lactide:glycolide ratio." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC12783470:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC12783470", "claim": "Existing approval standards do not fully capture nanoparticle-specific pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, immunogenicity, and long-term safety, creating uncertainty and prolonging evaluation timelines [117].", "cited": { "label": "117", "citation": "Qiu C, Xia F, Zhang J, Shi Q, Meng Y, Wang C et al. Advanced Strategies for Overcoming Endosomal/Lysosomal Barrier in Nanodrug Delivery. Research [Internet]. 2023 Jan [cited 2025 Jul 22];6:0148. Available from:", "pmid": "37250954", "pmcid": "PMC10208951", "doi": "10.34133/research.0148", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Meanwhile, the translation of these strategies to clinical settings will require scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes, and it is important to provide a standardized protocol to ensure reproducibility and quality control, as well as consider regulatory requirements based on their safety, efficacy, and quality.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review only lists regulatory considerations as a future challenge; it never says existing approval standards fail to capture nanoparticle PK, biodistribution, immunogenicity or long-term safety, or that this prolongs evaluation." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12783470:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC12783470", "claim": "These include enhanced protection of drugs from enzymatic degradation, bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism, improved solubility of hydrophobic agents, and prolonged systemic circulation [7].", "cited": { "label": "7", "citation": "Cheng Z, Que H, Chen L, Sun Q, Wei X. Nanomaterial-Based drug delivery system targeting lymph nodes. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(7).", "pmid": "35890268", "pmcid": "PMC9325242", "doi": "10.3390/pharmaceutics14071372", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Nanoparticle (NP) systems have many ideal drug delivery properties, and these can enhance the delivery of hydrophobic drugs, nucleic acids or proteins, increase their circulation time and bioavailability, reduce renal degradation and clearance, and improve the therapeutic effect [81, 82].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The review covers better delivery of hydrophobic drugs, longer circulation and protection from degradation (including enzymatic degradation for liposomal nucleic acids), but never mentions bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC12783470:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC12783470", "claim": "Existing approval standards do not fully capture nanoparticle-specific pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, immunogenicity, and long-term safety, creating uncertainty and prolonging evaluation timelines [117].", "cited": { "label": "68", "citation": "Zakumumpa H, Alinaitwe A, Kyomuhendo M, Nakazibwe B. Long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment: experiences of people with HIV and their healthcare providers in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Sep 30];24(1):1–14. Available from:", "pmid": "39198739", "pmcid": "PMC11360315", "doi": "10.1186/s12879-024-09748-5", "year": 2024 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B is a qualitative study of long-acting injectable ART experiences in Uganda and says nothing about nanoparticle approval standards or evaluation timelines." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10671665:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10671665", "claim": "As confirmed by biochemical analyses, incorporating endothelial cells into these models has produced tight junctions that more closely mimic BBB penetration [251].", "cited": { "label": "251", "citation": "Cucullo L., Marchi N., Hossain M., Janigro D. A Dynamic In Vitro BBB Model for the Study of Immune Cell into the Central Nervous System. J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 2011;31:767–777.", "pmid": "20842162", "pmcid": "PMC3049530", "doi": "10.1038/jcbfm.2010.162", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), sucrose permeability, and BBB integrity during reversible osmotic disruption with mannitol (1.6 mol/L) showed that the microholes do not hamper the formation of a tight functional barrier.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only; it reports that its endothelial hollow-fiber model forms a tight functional barrier (TEER, permeability) and reproduces in vivo permeability order, but does not mention tight junctions shown by biochemical analyses." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10671665:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10671665", "claim": "In the case of microfluidic cancer cell sorting, cell size differences can be exploited without requiring additional measures for biochemical characteristics [225, 226].", "cited": { "label": "226", "citation": "Gossett D.R., Weaver W.M., Mach A.J., Hur S.C., Tse H.T.K., Lee W., Amini H., Di Carlo D. Label-Free Cell Separation and Sorting in Microfluidic Systems. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010;397:3249–3267.", "pmid": "20419490", "pmcid": "PMC2911537", "doi": "10.1007/s00216-010-3721-9", "year": 2010 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Membrane microfilters have been used to isolate spiked cancer cells in blood and have been integrated with electrolysis for genomic analysis with a high throughput of 7.5 mL within 10 min and with an efficiency of almost 90% [40].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "This review presents size as a label-free separation criterion that avoids biochemical labels and describes size-based isolation of cancer cells/CTCs, though it reports other people's work." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10671665:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10671665", "claim": "When not grown in gel, patient-derived neurospheres are alternatively maintained in an enriched EGF/bFGF medium and preferentially in non-laminin-coated plates, to maximize stem cell maintenance [150].", "cited": { "label": "150", "citation": "Ruiz-Garcia H., Alvarado-Estrada K., Schiapparelli P., Quinones-Hinojosa A., Trifiletti D.M. Engineering Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Glioma Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2020;14:558381.", "pmid": "33177991", "pmcid": "PMC7596188", "doi": "10.3389/fncel.2020.558381", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Patient-derived neurospheres are grown in enriched EGF/bFGF media under low attachment conditions; when these factors are replaced by serum, glioma CSCs phenotypically change their appearance, loosen cellular adhesions, and turn the neurosphere into a 2D cell culture with decreasing CSC marker expression and telomerase activity (Lee et al., [2006]; Claes et al., [2008]).", "confidence": "high", "note": "The review says neurospheres are grown in EGF/bFGF medium under low attachment, and Table 1 (P047) specifies no laminin-coated plates for glioma CSCs." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10671665:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10671665", "claim": "In the case of microfluidic cancer cell sorting, cell size differences can be exploited without requiring additional measures for biochemical characteristics [225, 226].", "cited": { "label": "42", "citation": "Schulz J.A., Rodgers L.T., Kryscio R.J., Hartz A.M.S., Bauer B. Characterization and Comparison of Human Glioblastoma Models. BMC Cancer. 2022;22:844.", "pmid": "35922758", "pmcid": "PMC9347152", "doi": "10.1186/s12885-022-09910-9", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "B compares glioblastoma cell line models for growth, invasiveness and drug resistance and says nothing about microfluidic cell sorting or exploiting cell size differences." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10187727:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10187727", "claim": "Given that the S4 protocol and the study of Kang et al [26] followed similar SOPs for CSF collection, preanalytical factors are unlikely to account for these discrepant findings.", "cited": { "label": "26", "citation": "Kang et al. (2019) Comparative study of cerebrospinal fluid alpha‐synuclein seeding aggregation assays for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord.", "pmid": "30840785", "pmcid": "PMC6519150", "doi": "10.1002/mds.27646", "title": "Comparative study of cerebrospinal fluid alpha‐synuclein seeding aggregation assays for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": true, "quote": "CSF was immediately frozen in a –80°C freezer and shipped to the biorepository on dry ice at a later date.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B documents its standardized BioFIND CSF collection and handling procedure, which is what the citation points to; the similarity judgement itself is paper A's." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10187727:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10187727", "claim": "This pattern has been described in individuals with MSA [3, 14]; thus, this patient may have been misdiagnosed as having PD.", "cited": { "label": "32", "citation": "Majbour et al. (2022) Disease‐associated α‐synuclein aggregates as biomarkers of Parkinson disease clinical stage. Neurology.", "pmid": "36096686", "pmcid": "PMC9687407", "doi": "10.1212/wnl.0000000000201199", "title": "Disease‐associated α‐synuclein aggregates as biomarkers of Parkinson disease clinical stage", "year": 2022 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "This study of αSyn seed amplification biomarkers for PD stage never mentions MSA or the pattern described in the citing sentence." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10799345:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10799345", "claim": "The antidepressant paroxetine rapidly increases BDNF mRNA and protein expression, while the expression of miR-30a-5p, a post-transcriptional inhibitor of BDNF synthesis, is also increased (Mellios et al., [2008]).", "cited": { "label": "2008", "citation": "Mellios et al. (2008) set of differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-30a-5p, act as post-transcriptional inhibitors of BDNF in prefrontal cortex. Hum. Mol. Genet.", "pmid": "18632683", "pmcid": "PMC2722882", "doi": "10.1093/hmg/ddn201", "title": "set of differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-30a-5p, act as post-transcriptional inhibitors of BDNF in prefrontal cortex", "year": 2008 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Luciferase assays confirmed that at least two of these miRNAs, miR-30a-5p and miR-195, target specific sequences surrounding the proximal polyadenylation site within BDNF 3'-untranslated region.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "The abstract backs miR-30a-5p as a post-transcriptional BDNF inhibitor but never mentions paroxetine or antidepressant effects, so the main claim is unsettled." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10799345:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10799345", "claim": "Human clinical data studies have confirmed the association between lncRNA and depression, suggesting that lncRNA may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of depression (Cui et al., [2016]; Shi et al., [2021a]).", "cited": { "label": "2021a", "citation": "Shi et al. Non-coding RNAs in depression: promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. EBioMedicine.", "pmid": "34521053", "pmcid": "PMC8441067", "doi": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103569", "title": "Non-coding RNAs in depression: promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers" }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Results on the above six peripheral lncRNAs are relatively consistent across different cohorts and demonstrate their influence on depressive symptoms (e.g., suicide) and great potential for the clinical diagnosis of depression.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Review summarizes clinical studies showing altered lncRNA expression in depressed patients and their diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker potential, though it urges caution where the citing text says 'confirmed'." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "unsourced", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10799345:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10799345", "claim": "Three novel specific type I HDAC inhibitors (IN01, IN04, and IN14) were reported to have significantly higher cognitive-promoting and antidepressant effects than the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine, with IN14 exhibiting lower toxicity, indicating the potential of IN14 as a promising low-toxicity antidepressant (Martínez-Pacheco et al., [2020]).", "cited": { "label": "2020", "citation": "Martínez-Pacheco et al. (2020) Biochemical and behavioral characterization of IN14, a new inhibitor of HDACs with antidepressant-like properties. Biomolecules.", "pmid": "32075023", "pmcid": "PMC7072255", "doi": "10.3390/biom10020299", "title": "Biochemical and behavioral characterization of IN14, a new inhibitor of HDACs with antidepressant-like properties", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "contradicts", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The current study did not find any alteration or beneficial effect of IN14 and PB on learning as assessed by the ETM task in contrast with an earlier study reporting that HDAC2 knockout mice performed significantly better in this task [22].", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B found no cognitive benefit, tested only IN14 (not IN01/IN04) behaviorally against desipramine, and supports only IN14's superior FST antidepressant-like effect and low toxicity." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10799345:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10799345", "claim": "Human clinical data studies have confirmed the association between lncRNA and depression, suggesting that lncRNA may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of depression (Cui et al., [2016]; Shi et al., [2021a]).", "cited": { "label": "2019", "citation": "Reddy et al. (2019) Crafting carbazole-based vorinostat and tubastatin-a-like histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with potent in vitro and in vivo neuroactive functions. ACS Omega.", "pmid": "31656902", "pmcid": "PMC6811854", "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.9b01950", "title": "Crafting carbazole-based vorinostat and tubastatin-a-like histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with potent in vitro and in vivo neuroactive functions", "year": 2019 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "This paper on carbazole-based HDAC inhibitors tested in zebrafish never mentions lncRNA, human clinical data or depression biomarkers." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6823372:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6823372", "claim": "Even in mice, dietary exposure to PS MPs caused the decrease of hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, coupled with the down-regulation of genes involved in lipogenesis [33].", "cited": { "label": "33", "citation": "Lu, L., Zhiqin, W., Ting, L., Zhengwei, F. & Yuanxiang, J. Polystyrene microplastics induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in mice. Science of The Total Environment 449–458 (2018).10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.05129529433", "pmid": "29529433", "doi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.051", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In addition, the hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCH) levels decreased in both 1000 μg/L 0.5 and 50 μm polystyrene MP-treated groups.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Abstract reports decreased hepatic TG and TCH after oral PS MP exposure in mice and decreased mRNA of key lipogenesis genes." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6823372:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6823372", "claim": "For instance the deficiency of long-chain fatty-acid elongase (elovl6) in mice was correlated with increased skin inflammation and keratinocyte death following mechanical damage [38].", "cited": { "label": "38", "citation": "Nakamura, Y. et al. Elovl6 regulates mechanical damage-induced keratinocyte death and skin inflammation. Cell Death & Disease9 (2018).10.1038/s41419-018-1226-1PMC628168030518914", "pmid": "30518914", "pmcid": "PMC6281680", "doi": "10.1038/s41419-018-1226-1", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Elovl6 deficiency accelerated tape stripping-triggered keratinocyte death, which possibly not only caused the skin barrier dysfunction but also increased the DAMPs release from the dead keratinocytes, thus exacerbating dermatitis (Fig. 6e).", "confidence": "high", "note": "B shows Elovl6-deficient mice had more severe tape-stripping-induced skin inflammation and accelerated keratinocyte death, matching the claim." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6823372:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6823372", "claim": "The effects of MPs on aquatic organisms can be roughly divided into two categories: i) chemical, due to the transfer of environmental contaminants adsorbed on the MPs surface or the leaching of plastic monomers/additives, and ii) physical, due to damage caused by the direct interaction of the plastic particles with the organism tissues [7–9].", "cited": { "label": "8", "citation": "Rochman, C. M., Hoh, E., Kurobe, T. & Teh, S. J. Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress. Scientific Reports3 (2013).10.1038/srep03263PMC383629024263561", "pmid": "24263561", "pmcid": "PMC3836290", "doi": "10.1038/srep03263", "year": 2013 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "Hazards associated with plastic debris include physical components of the material [7, 8, 9], chemical ingredients [7, 10, 11] and sorbed environmental chemicals [7, 10] (e.g. persistent bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs) [12, 13] and metals [14]).", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B frames plastic hazards as physical, chemical-ingredient and sorbed-chemical, and concludes its own toxicity came from both sorbed contaminants and the plastic material (P027)." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6823372:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6823372", "claim": "For instance the deficiency of long-chain fatty-acid elongase (elovl6) in mice was correlated with increased skin inflammation and keratinocyte death following mechanical damage [38].", "cited": { "label": "26", "citation": "Price (2011) The Fat Body Transcriptomes of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti, Pre- and Post- Blood Meal. PLoS One.", "pmid": "21818341", "pmcid": "PMC3144915", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0022573", "title": "The Fat Body Transcriptomes of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti, Pre- and Post- Blood Meal", "year": 2011 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "B is a mosquito fat body transcriptome study and never mentions elovl6, mice, skin inflammation or keratinocytes." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927747:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927747", "claim": "During the following year, the participants who were in remission and were being treated with clozapine had lower rates of relapse to substance use than participants who were treated with other antipsychotics. [45]", "cited": { "label": "45", "citation": "Brunette MF, Drake RE, Xie H, et al. Clozapine use and relapses of substance use disorder among patients with co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32(4):637–643.", "pmid": "16782758", "pmcid": "PMC2632279", "doi": "10.1093/schbul/sbl003", "year": 2006 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Patients using clozapine at the first 6-month period of substance abuse remission (n = 25) were much less likely to relapse over the next year compared with those on other antipsychotic medications (n = 70): 8.0% vs 40.0%, chi(2) = 8.73 (df = 1), P = .003.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The abstract reports lower one-year relapse among patients in remission on clozapine than among those on other antipsychotics (8% vs 40%)." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927747:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927747", "claim": "For example, the effects of topiramate on alcohol outcomes have not been studied in this population, although it has been used to potentially control weight in people with schizophrenia. [38]", "cited": { "label": "38", "citation": "Okuyama Y, Oya K, Matsunaga S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of topiramate-augmentation therapy for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3221–3236.", "pmid": "28008259", "pmcid": "PMC5170618", "doi": "10.2147/ndt.s125367", "year": 2016 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Furthermore, topiramate-augmentation therapy decreased weight (SMD −0.69) and body mass index (SMD −0.95) compared with the control.", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B's pooled analysis shows topiramate augmentation reduced weight and BMI in schizophrenia patients; it never studies alcohol outcomes, matching the citing sentence." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6927747:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6927747", "claim": "For example, the effects of topiramate on alcohol outcomes have not been studied in this population, although it has been used to potentially control weight in people with schizophrenia. [38]", "cited": { "label": "14", "citation": "Walters RK, Polimanti R, Johnson EC, et al. Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21(12):1656–1669.", "pmid": "30482948", "pmcid": "PMC6430207", "doi": "10.1038/s41593-018-0275-1", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B is a GWAS of alcohol dependence and never mentions topiramate or its use for weight control in schizophrenia." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10740825:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10740825", "claim": "Although many successful studies have been shown in different animal models of genetic deafness for various stages of inner ear maturation, most of these studies have been conducted during early neonatal stages (Table 1) [17].", "cited": { "label": "17", "citation": "Lahlou G., Calvet C., Giorgi M., Lecomte M.J., Safieddine S. Towards the clinical application of gene therapy for genetic inner ear diseases. J. Clin. Med. 2023;12:1046.", "pmid": "36769694", "pmcid": "PMC9918244", "doi": "10.3390/jcm12031046", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": false, "cites_others": true, "quote": "The efficacy of gene therapy for hereditary deafness and balance disorders has been evaluated in murine models at different stages of inner ear maturation, from in utero to after the onset of hearing [12, 16], but most studies to date were performed at early neonatal stages [7, 10, 20, 22, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33].", "confidence": "high", "note": "The review states that gene therapy has been tested in mouse models across inner ear maturation stages but mostly at early neonatal stages, with studies summarized in Table 1." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "relay", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10740825:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10740825", "claim": "These injections did not cause any harm to auditory or vestibular functions [108].", "cited": { "label": "108", "citation": "Lee J., Nist-Lund C., Solanes P., Goldberg H., Wu J., Pan B., Schneider B.L., Holt J.R. Efficient viral transduction in mouse inner ear hair cells with utricle injection and AAV9-PHP.B. Hear. Res. 2020;394:107882.", "pmid": "31980281", "doi": "10.1016/j.heares.2020.107882", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Sensory transduction and auditory thresholds were unaltered in injected mice relative to uninjected wild-type controls.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The abstract reports unchanged auditory thresholds and sensory transduction, and vestibular transduction without effects on balance behavior." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10740825:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10740825", "claim": "The results included preventing the degeneration of hair cell bundles and partial restoration of auditory brainstem response (ABR), emphasizing that complete protein expression might not be essential [31].", "cited": { "label": "31", "citation": "Ivanchenko M.V., Hathaway D.M., Klein A.J., Pan B., Strelkova O., De-la-Torre P., Wu X., Peters C.W., Mulhall E.M., Booth K.T., et al. Mini-Pcdh15 gene therapy rescues hearing in a mouse model of Usher Syndrome type 1F. Nat. Commun. 2023;14:2400.", "pmid": "37100771", "pmcid": "PMC10133396", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-38038-y", "year": 2023 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "An AAV encoding one of these, injected into the inner ears of mouse models of USH1F, produces a mini-PCDH15 which properly forms tip links, prevents the degeneration of hair cell bundles, and rescues hearing.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B shows a shortened mini-PCDH15 prevents hair bundle degeneration and gives incomplete ABR rescue (thresholds improved up to 40 dB), supporting that the full-length protein is not required." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "partial", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10740825:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10740825", "claim": "Although many successful studies have been shown in different animal models of genetic deafness for various stages of inner ear maturation, most of these studies have been conducted during early neonatal stages (Table 1) [17].", "cited": { "label": "40", "citation": "Wu J., Solanes P., Nist-Lund C., Spataro S., Shubina-Oleinik O., Marcovich I., Goldberg H., Schneider B.L., Holt J.R. Single and dual vector gene therapy with AAV9-PHP.B rescues hearing in tmc1 mutant mice. Mol. Ther. 2021;29:973–988.", "pmid": "33212302", "pmcid": "PMC7934577", "doi": "10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.016", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "This suggests that hair cell survival is not necessarily an indicator of functional preservation and that the therapeutic window for AAV-mediated gene delivery in Tmc1 mutant mouse strains may be limited to the first postnatal week.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "B is a single Tmc1 gene therapy study with P1/P7 injections; it never makes the surveyed claim that most inner ear gene therapy studies in deafness models were done at early neonatal stages." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10801196:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10801196", "claim": "Similar studies from Nepal and Nigeria also reported that the age of children had an association with malnutrition [45, 46].", "cited": { "label": "45", "citation": "Ghimire et al. (2020) Severe acute malnutrition and its associated factors among children under-five years: a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr.", "pmid": "32456624", "pmcid": "PMC7249365", "doi": "10.1186/s12887-020-02154-1", "title": "Severe acute malnutrition and its associated factors among children under-five years: a facility-based cross-sectional study", "year": 2020 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "The findings of this study indicated that household size, household food access, and the child’s age were the major predictors of severe acute malnutrition.", "confidence": "high", "note": "This Nepal study found child age to be a significant predictor of severe acute malnutrition, with younger children at higher odds." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10801196:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10801196", "claim": "Research findings in this regard illustrate the relationship between vaccination and nutritional status [50, 51].", "cited": { "label": "51", "citation": "Shinsugi & Mizumoto (2021) Associations of nutritional status with full immunization coverage and safe hygiene practices among Thai children aged 12–59 months. Nutrients.", "pmid": "35010909", "pmcid": "PMC8746758", "doi": "10.3390/nu14010034", "title": "Associations of nutritional status with full immunization coverage and safe hygiene practices among Thai children aged 12–59 months", "year": 2021 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "When adjusted for confounding factors, children with incomplete immunization status were more likely to be stunted (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–1.75, p < 0.001), wasted (aOR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31–2.12, p < 0.001), and overweight (aOR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51, p < 0.05), whereas children who used unimproved water sources were more likely to be overweight (aOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.27–4.64, p < 0.01).", "confidence": "high", "note": "Paper B reports that incomplete immunization was associated with stunting, wasting and overweight in Thai children." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC10801196:2", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC10801196", "claim": "Relapse after treatment for acute malnutrition is a serious health problem faced by humanitarian and developmental communities [10].", "cited": { "label": "10", "citation": "Stobaugh et al. (2018) Household-level factors associated with relapse following discharge from treatment for moderate acute malnutrition. Br J Nutr.", "pmid": "29502542", "doi": "10.1017/s0007114518000363", "title": "Household-level factors associated with relapse following discharge from treatment for moderate acute malnutrition", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "cannot_tell", "own_result": false, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Factors associated with relapse among children who are discharged after reaching a threshold denoted 'recovered' from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are not well understood.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Abstract only: it studies factors behind relapse after MAM treatment but does not describe relapse as a serious problem for humanitarian and development communities or give its frequency." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": false, "status": "abstract_only", "comparison": null, "ownResult": false } ] }, { "id": "PMC10801196:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC10801196", "claim": "Similar studies from Nepal and Nigeria also reported that the age of children had an association with malnutrition [45, 46].", "cited": { "label": "34", "citation": "Seid et al. (2017) Determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in public health facilities of pastoralist community, Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia: a case control study. J Nutr Metab.", "pmid": "29057119", "pmcid": "PMC5615944", "doi": "10.1155/2017/7265972", "title": "Determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in public health facilities of pastoralist community, Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia: a case control study", "year": 2017 }, "label": { "verdict": "partial", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Age of the child was one of the determinants of acute malnutrition.", "confidence": "medium", "note": "Paper B does find an age-malnutrition association, but it is an Ethiopian study, not one from Nepal or Nigeria as the citing sentence states." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6804340:0", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6804340", "claim": "It mediates activation of the PR gene HIN1 through mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity, independently of extracellular calcium fluxes (Lee et al., [2001]).", "cited": { "label": "2001", "citation": "Lee et al. (2001) A harpin binding site in tobacco plasma membranes mediates activation of the pathogenesis‐related gene HIN1 independent of extracellular calcium but dependent on mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity. Plant Cell.", "pmid": "11340183", "pmcid": "PMC135567", "doi": "10.1105/tpc.13.5.1079", "title": "A harpin binding site in tobacco plasma membranes mediates activation of the pathogenesis‐related gene HIN1 independent of extracellular calcium but dependent on mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity", "year": 2001 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "In contrast to activation by beta-megaspermin, harpin(Psph)-induced activation of the 48-kD salicylic acid-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and HIN1 transcript accumulation were independent of extracellular calcium.", "confidence": "high", "note": "The abstract reports that harpin-induced HIN1 activation needs MAPK activity and does not depend on extracellular calcium." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "abstract", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6804340:1", "kind": "citation", "citingPmcid": "PMC6804340", "claim": "The LRR‐RK RLK7 participates in the perception of PIP1 (Hou et al., [2014]).", "cited": { "label": "2014", "citation": "Hou et al. (2014) The secreted peptide PIP1 amplifies immunity through receptor‐like kinase 7. PLoS Pathog.", "pmid": "25188390", "pmcid": "PMC4154866", "doi": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1004331", "title": "The secreted peptide PIP1 amplifies immunity through receptor‐like kinase 7", "year": 2014 }, "label": { "verdict": "supports", "own_result": true, "cites_others": false, "quote": "Genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that the receptor-like kinase 7 (RLK7) functions as a receptor of PIP1.", "confidence": "high", "note": "B's genetic and binding data identify the LRR-RLK RLK7 as the PIP1 receptor, matching the claim that RLK7 participates in PIP1 perception." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": true, "status": "origin", "comparison": "same", "ownResult": true } ] }, { "id": "PMC6804340:ctl", "kind": "control", "citingPmcid": "PMC6804340", "claim": "The LRR‐RK RLK7 participates in the perception of PIP1 (Hou et al., [2014]).", "cited": { "label": "2018", "citation": "Monnier et al. (2018) Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are elicitors triggering Brassica napus protection against Botrytis cinerea without physiological disorders. Front. Plant Sci.", "pmid": "30135699", "pmcid": "PMC6092566", "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01170", "title": "Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are elicitors triggering Brassica napus protection against Botrytis cinerea without physiological disorders", "year": 2018 }, "label": { "verdict": "not_stated", "own_result": null, "cites_others": false, "quote": null, "confidence": "high", "note": "B is about rhamnolipid elicitors protecting Brassica napus against Botrytis and never mentions RLK7 or PIP1." }, "runs": [ { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true }, { "coverage": "full", "found": false, "status": "not_found", "comparison": "unrelated", "ownResult": true } ] } ] } }